Table 4.55 Results of MGT question “a” by location – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.56 Results of MGT question “a” by location – SI test: chi-square
4.4.6.4 Summary of location variable
The results of the questionnaire according to location were surprising. Not only was there no statistically significant difference between the composite scores of Mudung Laut and Mudung Darat, Mudung Laut had
the higher score of the two. A possible explanation for these findings was found in the imbalance of men and young people between the two communities, both of which categories have demonstrated lower JM
usage. Upon analysis of individual questions with the chi-square test, very few questions revealed a significant impact of location on answers given. What was also clear from the individual questions was that
Mudung Darat residents’ lower questionnaire scores can be attributed to lower usage of Jambi Malay, despite having more positive attitudes towards it. Mudung Laut residents had higher usage of Jambi Malay,
but less positive attitudes towards it.
Conversely, the matched guise test results showed that Mudung Darat had statistically significantly higher scores than Mudung Laut. This was the case in both the composite results as well as in
the results from the individual questions examined. Based on this, and certain questions from the questionnaire, location relative to the city did have an influence on scores, at least where language attitudes
are concerned. Similar to previous variables mentioned, however, the trend was seen for the Jambi Malay
recordings as well as the Indonesian recordings; little distinction was made between the languages. That Mudung Darat had a substantially higher score for both Jambi Malay and Indonesian was unexpected:
instead it was hypothesized that Mudung Darat would have a higher score for Jambi Malay but a lower score for Indonesian.
4.4.6.5 Location variable including pilot test
For comparative purposes, results from the pilot test site of Danau Sipin were analyzed. Because it was only a pilot test, and it had a very small number of informants, it was not included in the main analysis.
However, the results are worth noting here.
4.4.6.5.1 Questionnaire Fifteen informants responded to the questionnaire questions, and the average results were as shown in
figure 4.17. With a mean score of 1.317, the residents of Danau Sipin had a much lower score than residents of Mudung Darat or Mudung Laut. An ANOVA test was performed, and from table 4.57 we can
see that Danau Sipin’s score was statistically significantly lower than Mudung Laut’s score, although the composite score was not significant based on a p .01 criteria.
Figure 4.17 Average questionnaire scores by location including Danau Sipin
Table 4.57 Results of questionnaire scores by location including Danau Sipin test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
4.4.6.5.2 Matched guise test Scores from Danau Sipin were lower than the other locations on the matched guise test, as well, for both
Jambi Malay and Indonesian. The number of informants who completed the MGT was even smaller eight, though, and the answers were fairly scattered, as is seen in figure 4.18 and figure 4.19.
Figure 4.18 MGT averages by location including Danau Sipin – JM
Figure 4.19 Average MGT scores by location including Danau Sipin – SI
Similar to Mudung Darat and Mudung Laut residents, residents of Danau Sipin had slightly higher scores for Indonesian versus Jambi Malay, but not significantly so. In table 4.58 and table 4.59, it can be
seen that the difference in MGT scores between Danau Sipin and the other locations was statistically significant for both Jambi Malay and Indonesian, especially between Danau Sipin and Mudung Darat.
Table 4.58 Results of MGT scores by location including Danau Sipin – JM test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.59 Results of MGT by location including Danau Sipin – SI test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
4.4.6.5.3 Summary of location including pilot test site The fact that residents of Danau Sipin had significantly lower scores than the other locations in both the
questionnaire and the MGT was unexpected. Because of its relatively isolated location and the predominant occupation being fishing, it was hypothesized that the residents of Danau Sipin would have scores as high
as Mudung Darat if not higher. Further studies would be necessary to see if the results of this very small sample of people in Danau Sipin would be confirmed with a larger sample.
4.4.7 Occupation
