4.4.4.3 Matched guise test 4.4.4.4 Summary of education variable
4.4.4.5 Results: College graduates 4.4.4.5.1 Questionnaire
4.4.4.5.2 Matched guise test 4.4.4.5.3 Summary of college graduates
4.4.5 Results: Sex variable 4.4.5.1 Sex
distribution 4.4.5.2 Questionnaire
4.4.5.3 Matched guise test 4.4.5.4 Summary of sex variable
4.4.6 Results: Location variable 4.4.6.1 Location
distribution 4.4.6.2 Questionnaire
4.4.6.3 Matched guise test 4.4.6.4 Summary of location variable
4.4.6.5 Location variable including pilot test
4.4.6.5.1 Questionnaire 4.4.6.5.2 Matched guise test
4.4.6.5.3 Summary of location including pilot test site 4.4.7 Occupation
4.5 Matched guise test results
4.5.1 Introduction 4.5.2 Difference between Jambi Malay and Indonesian
4.5.3 Matched guise test scores according to speaker 4.5.4 Differences between the matched guise test and the questionnaire
4.5.5 Summary of matched guise test results
4.6 Differences among
researchers 4.6.1 Introduction
4.6.2 Questionnaire 4.6.3 Matched guise test
4.6.4 Foreign researcher results 4.6.5 Summary of differences between researchers
4.7 Conclusion
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Introduction 5.2
Conclusions from the response percentages 5.3
Conclusions from the observations 5.4
Conclusions from the independent variables 5.4.1 Age variable
5.4.2 Education variable 5.4.3 Sex variable
5.4.4 Location and occupation variables
5.5 Matched guise test
5.6 State of the Jambi Malay language
5.7 Recommendations
Appendices
A Map of Indonesia
B Jambi city and surrounding area
C Photographs of Jambi Province
D Map of Mudung Laut
E Photographs of Mudung Laut
F Map of Mudung Darat
G Photographs of Mudung Darat
H Text of Jambi Indonesian
I Jambi Malay text
J Questionnaire original, in Jambi Indonesian
K Questionnaire translated into English
L Matched guise test texts
M Matched guise test questions original, in Jambi Indonesian
N Matched guise test questions translated into English
O Language use observation form original, in Jambi Indonesian
P Language use observation form translated into English
Q Demographic information about research sites
R List of computer-generated random numbers per RT
S Guide for scoring questionnaireMG test
T Summary of results by variable
References
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Usage of Indonesian SI, mixed Indonesian and Jambi Malay SIJM, Jambi Malay JM, and others in Jambi City
Table 3.1 Matrix of variables Table 4.1 Number of occurrences of each language observed according to domain
Table 4.2 Matrix of variables. Actual Table 4.3 Questionnaire results by age test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.4 Results of questionnaire question 2 by age test: chi-square Table 4.5 Results of questionnaire question 6k1 by age test: chi-square
Table 4.6 Results of questionnaire question 3 by age test: chi-square Table 4.7 Results of questionnaire question 17 according to age test: chi-square
Table 4.8 Matched guise test JM results by age test: one-way between subjects ANOVA Table 4.9 MGT SI results by age test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.10 Results of MGT question “a” according to age – SI test: chi-square Table 4.11 Results of MGT question “a” according to age – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.12 Results of MGT question “g” according to age – SI test: chi-square Table 4.13 Results of MGT question “g” according to age – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.14 Results of MGT question “c” according to age – SI test: chi-square Table 4.15 Results of MGT question “c” according to age – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.16 Questionnaire results by education level test: one-way between subjects ANOVA Table 4.17 Results of questionnaire question 2 by education level test: chi-square
Table 4.18 Results of questionnaire question 21a by education level test: chi-square Table 4.19 Results of questionnaire question 3 by education level test: chi-square
Table 4.20 MGT results for JM by education level test: one-way between subjects ANOVA Table 4.21 MGT results for SI by education level test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.22 Results of MGT question “g” by education level – SI test: chi-square Table 4.23 Results of MGT question “g” by education level – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.24 Results of MGT question “a” by education level – SI test: chi-square Table 4.25 Results of MGT question “a” by education level – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.26 Results of MGT question “c” by education level – SI test: chi-square Table 4.27 Results of MGT question “c” by education level – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.28 Questionnaire results by education level including college test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.29 MGT results by education level including college – JM test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.30 MGT results by education level including college – SI test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.31 Results of questionnaire by sex test: independent samples t-test Table 4.32 Results of education level by sex test: chi-square
Table 4.33 Results of questionnaire question 2 by sex test: chi-square Table 4.34 Results of questionnaire question 3 by sex test: chi-square
Table 4.35 Results of questionnaire question 18 by sex test: chi-square Table 4.36 Results of questionnaire question 21a by sex test: chi-square
Table 4.37 Results of MGT by sex – JM test: one-way between subjects ANOVA Table 4.38 Results of MGT by sex – SI test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.39 Results of MGT question “g” by sex – SI test: chi-square Table 4.40 Results of MGT question “g” by sex – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.41 Results of MGT question “c” by sex – SI test: chi-square Table 4.42 Results of MGT question “c” by sex – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.43 Results of questionnaire scores by location test: independent samples t-test Table 4.44 Location by age test: chi-square
Table 4.45 Location by sex test: chi-square Table 4.46 Location by education level test: chi-square
Table 4.47 Results of questionnaire question 2 by location test: chi-square Table 4.48 Results of questionnaire question “6k1” by location test: chi-square
Table 4.49 Results of questionnaire question 11 by location test: chi-square Table 4.50 Results of questionnaire question 21a by location test: chi-square
Table 4.51 Results of MGT scores by location – JM test: independent samples t-test Table 4.52 Results of MGT by location – SI test: independent samples t-test
Table 4.53 Results of MGT question “c” by location – JM test: chi-square Table 4.54 Results of MGT question “g” by location – JM test: chi-square
Table 4.55 Results of MGT question “a” by location – JM test: chi-square Table 4.56 Results of MGT question “a” by location – SI test: chi-square
Table 4.57 Results of questionnaire scores by location including Danau Sipin test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.58 Results of MGT scores by location including Danau Sipin – JM test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.59 Results of MGT by location including Danau Sipin – SI test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.60 Location by occupation test: chi-square Table 4.61 Difference in MGT scores by language test: paired samples t-test
Table 4.62 MGT scores for Sayuti by language test: paired samples t-test Table 4.63 MGT scores for Indah by language test: paired samples t-test
Table 4.64 MGT scores for B. by language test: paired samples t-test Table 4.65 MGT scores for Nyimas by language test: paired samples t-test
Table 4.66 Differences in average questionnaire scores by researcher test: independent samples t-test Table 4.67 Difference in MGT scores by researcher test: independent samples t-test
Table 4.68 Questionnaire score by researcher including pilot test researchers test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Table 4.69 MGT scores by researcher including pilot test researchers test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Comparison of number of senior high schools in Jambi Seberang and Jambi City Figure 1.2 Comparison of population of Jambi Seberang and Jambi City
Figure 4.1 Age distribution Figure 4.2 Age distribution – ML
Figure 4.3 Age distribution – MD Figure 4.4 Questionnaire averages by age
Figure 4.5 Education distribution -SD = no educationdid not finish SD, +SD = finished SD, +SMP = finished SMP, +SMA = finished SMA, Ed = education
Figure 4.6 Education distribution – ML Figure 4.7 Education distribution – MD
Figure 4.8 Questionnaire averages by education level Figure 4.9 Average questionnaire scores by education level including college
Figure 4.10 Average MGT scores by education level including college – JM Figure 4.11 Average MGT scores by education level including college – SI
Figure 4.12 Sex distribution Figure 4.13 Average questionnaire scores by sex
Figure 4.14 Location distribution Figure 4.15 Average questionnaire score by location
Figure 4.16 Average MGT scores by location Figure 4.17 Average questionnaire scores by location including Danau Sipin
Figure 4.18 MGT averages by location including Danau Sipin – JM Figure 4.19 Average MGT scores by location including Danau Sipin – SI
Figure 4.20 Occupation distribution Figure 4.21 Average questionnaire scores by occupation
Figure 4.22 Average MGT scores by occupation – JM Figure 4.23 Average MGT scores by occupation – SI
Figure 4.24 Average MGT scores by recorded speaker Figure 4.25 Average questionnaire scores by localnon-local researcher
Figure 4.26 Average MGT scores by localnon-local researcher Figure 4.27 Average questionnaire scores by researcher including pilot test researchers
Figure 4.28 Total MGT averages by researcher including pilot test researchers
1
Chapter 1 Jambi Malay: The Need for a Sociolinguistic Study
