4.4.5.3 Matched guise test
An ANOVA one-way between subjects was performed on the matched guise test averages for both Jambi Malay and Indonesian according to sex. It was found that there was no significant difference between
females and males F statistic .04, p .8460 for the Jambi Malay recordings see table 4.37. The females had a slightly higher average score 1.597 than the males 1.592, but the difference was scant.
Table 4.37 Results of MGT by sex – JM test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
From table 4.38, we see that responses to Indonesian were similar: there was no statistically significant difference between females’ and males’ scores F statistic .04, p .8378. For Indonesian,
however, it was the males who had the higher mean score 1.620, while the females’ score is 1.614. The differences in composite scores between males and females for both Indonesian and Jambi Malay were not
great. They did, however, follow the expected pattern of females having more positive attitudes towards the mother tongue while males have more positive attitudes towards the language of wider communication
LWC.
Table 4.38 Results of MGT by sex – SI test: one-way between subjects ANOVA
Edwards 1988 had similar findings in her examination of the effect of sex on language behavior and attitude patterns in Black speech in Britain. She discovered that there was no significant difference
between attitudes of males and females towards mainstream white dominant society. The men had slightly less positive attitudes towards it, however.
As with the other variables under study, the same three MGT questions were examined more closely using the chi-square test according to sex. Question “a”, an identity question, yielded no statistically
significant results: there was no significant impact of sex on answers given. For the most part, for both JM and SI, both men and women answered “Yes, this person sounds like a Jambi Malay person”.
Question “g”, a character question, also did not show a significant impact on results by sex for JM or SI see table 4.39 and table 4.40, although the influence of sex was more substantial than in question
“a”. In table 4.39 the pattern emerged of higher proportions of males reacting more positively to the Indonesian recording than females to the question “Does this person sound like someone I could trust?” Yet
table 4.40 shows the same trend for Jambi Malay more males than the norm gave positive answers while fewer females than the norm gave positive answers, leading to unclear results. It is noteworthy, though,
that the women showed considerably more uncertainty for the Indonesian recording scored 1, while in the Jambi Malay recording many women moved from that “do not know” category to the positive category 2.
Table 4.39 Results of MGT question “g” by sex – SI test: chi-square
Table 4.40 Results of MGT question “g” by sex – JM test: chi-square
What was statistically significant, however, was the impact sex had on the status question question “c”. As can be seen for Indonesian in table 4.41, the slight majority of men gave a negative
response to “Does this person sound like a leader?” scored 0, while the majority of women gave a positive response scored 2. The chi-square statistic was 9.70, p .0078. Based on the established trend found thus
far in the questionnaire and MGT, it was unexpected that the males responded more negatively to Indonesian than the females.
To make things even more complex, as with MGT question “g”, a similar pattern was seen for Jambi Malay see table 4.42. Sex was also significant here chi-square statistic 12.70, p .0017. Note the
shift to a higher number of women answering positively scored 2 to Jambi Malay versus Indonesian, while the men were nearly evenly divided between negative and positive answers in both languages.
Table 4.41 Results of MGT question “c” by sex – SI test: chi-square
Table 4.42 Results of MGT question “c” by sex – JM test: chi-square
4.4.5.4 Summary of sex variable
Kategori