F. Conceptual Framework
The theories employed and discussed in this research can be summarized in a conceptual framework as performed in Figure 1 below.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Children’s
Independence Children’s
Literature
1. The nature of
children’s literature
2. Children in
children’s literature
3. The hidden
adults 4.
Adults’ Roles
1. Cognitive
independence 2.
Communication independence
Enid B lyton’s The Six Bad Boys,
The Naughtiest Girl Again, and Naughty Amelia Jane
RQ1: What
kinds of
children’s independence are portrayed in
Blyton’s The Six Bad Boys, The Naughtiest Girl Again, and
Naughty Amelia Jane? RQ2:
What roles of adults portrayed in these
novels? Children’s
Independence Reflected in
Characterization
1. By Actions
2. By Speech
3. By Appearance
4. By Other’s
Comment 5.
By Author’s Comment
RQ3: How does the author
reflect children’s independence in
characterization in the novels?
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
There are three types of research, which are quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research. Quantitative research is conducted based on the objective theories by
using variables and measuring the connection among used variables Creswell, 2009:4. It means that the research data can be measured through numerical
processes. The result itself means the final answer from the variables measurement. Qualitative research is conducted based on social problems to understand the
phenomenon in social life Creswell, 2009:4. In making the result, numerical processes cannot be done because the data is concluded from the researcher’s
interpretation. The last one mixed research which is a research that combines both of quantitative and qualitative research.
This study is a qualitative research because the researcher uses words, phrase, sentence, and discourses as the main data. These data will not be performed in
numerical result. The qualitative research is conducted because it enables the researcher to create in-depth interpretation upon the social phenomena Snape in
Ritchie, 2003:3. The interpretation might be different from one person to another because it is based on how far one’s understanding upon a certain phenomenon using
personal perspectives. It shows that a qualitative research has a flexible state because it uses each researcher’s point of view. The researcher emphasizes her focus on