In this design, the researcher collected quantitative and qualitative information sequentially in two phases, with one form of data collection
following the other. He first collected quantitative data then collected lain or elaborate on the quantitative results.
D. Popula
1.
South Tangerang, there are eleven state high schools in South Tangerang with a total of 8.143 students. For further information, see
2.
the population, or simply refer to the group of s
ce aspect within school because those aspects are on average. And he chose 2.5 of the population because the great
n.
ethods
To
1.
qualitative data to help exp
tion and Sample Population
The population the researcher used in this study is all state high schools students SMA in South Tangerang. And according to National Education
department of
appendix A.
Sample and Sampling Technique
Sample, collectively, is the group of subjects or participants from whom the data are collected. The sample can be selected from a larger
group of persons, identified as ubjects from whom data are collected even though the subjects are not
selected from the population.
2
The sample in this research is 2.5 of the population 8.143 respondents namely about 209 respondents. Random sampling was the
sampling technique used in this study. Hence, he appointed 19 students each school as representatives without any considering gender, socio-
economic, or good performan
numbers of the populatio
E. Data Collection M
collect the data, there are three means the researcher used as follow:
Observation
2
James H. McMillan, Sally Schumacher, Research in ………………., p. 119.
39
There are two main ways in which researchers observe –direct observation and participant observation. Direct observation tends to be
used in areas such as health and psychology. In participant observation, however, the researcher becomes much more involved in the lives of the
people being observed.
3
Therefore, participant observation was used in this study. In this type of observation, the researcher involved in school
and recorded some information related to study. In this observation, the researcher also attempted to get the information related to student
eco
ces. Under the observation method, the information is sought by way of investigator’s own direct observation
from the respondent.
4
2.
e questions were asked in each interview. However, he also wanted the
numbers of nomic background which was concluded that there was an average
economic background stratified among them. The observation method is the most commonly used method especially
in studies relating to behavioral scien
without asking
Interviewing
In social research there are many types of interview. The most common of these are unstructured, semi-structured and structured interviews
5
. In this study the researcher used semi-structured interview. In this type
of interview, he knew specific information which could be compared and contrasted with information gained in other interviews. To do this, the sam
interview remain flexible so that other important information could arise. In this study, he interviewed with eleven counselors. That is to say that
he interviewed with one counselor each school. He also interviewed with some numbers of society around schools, exactly twenty-two
3
Dr. Catherine Dawson, Practical Research Methods United Kingdom: Oxford OX4 1RE, 2002, p. 32
4
C. R. Khotari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques New Delhi: New Age International, 2004, pp. 96-97.
5
Dr. Catherine Dawson, Practical Research ………………………, p. 27
40
soc n female students.
The blueprints of interview items which the researcher asked the swer are presented in appendix B.
3.
ents. See appendix C for the blueprints or latticework of questionnaires
uted to students.
4.
research can be doc
documentation, the researcher searched scenes on internet and captured some photographs related to students’ delinquency both in and out
F.
The research was conducted from February 2010 to April 2010 through high schools SMA located in South Tangerang.
iety. Besides them, he also interviewed with twenty-two students which was stratified eleven male students and eleve
This interviewed was also conducted for obtaining information to help prepare the arrangement of questionnaires.
respondents to an
Questionnaires
There are three basic types of questionnaire–closed-ended, open-ended or a combination of both
6
. Open-ended questionnaire was chosen in this study. The
questionnaires were given to 209 stud
which were distrib
Documentations
A valuable source of information in qualitative uments. Documents consist of public or private records that qualitative
researchers obtain about a site or participants in a study.
7
In this
of school.
Research Time and Location
6
Dr. Catherine Dawson, Practical Research ………………………, p. 31
7
John W. Creswell, Educational research; Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research
, third edition New Jersey: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, 2008, pp. 230 – 231.
41
G.
doing research. We obtained primary data from observation method, interview method,
tation as mentioned above.
H.
d with either numbers or numeric data and words or text and ima
umentation, the researcher analyzed them separately qualitative or quantitative then he collected them in one unit to discuss the
I.
rved phenomenon. Dependent Outcome Variable – Tha
pact of gangs thers school and
Data Resource
We collected primary data during the course of
questionnaires, and documen
Data Analysis Techniques
In any mixed methods study, we should clearly indicate that we are collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. Methods of collection are
typically associate ge data. Mixed methods researchers collect both quantitative and
qualitative data.
8
In this study, after obtaining the data from observation, interview, questionnaire, and doc
result of this research.
Variables of Research
There are three variables known in a research; independent variables, dependent variables,
and moderator variables. Independent Experimental, Manipulated, Treatment, and Grouping
Variable-That factor which is measured, manipulated, or selected by the experimenter to determine its
relationship to an obse t factor which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the
independent variable
9
In this research, there are three variables; one variable the im of high schools students as independent variable and the o
society as dependent variable. Here are the further divisions:
8
W. Creswell, Educational research; Planning, Conducting …….., p. 562.
9
R. M. Jaeger, Complementary Methods for Research in Education Wasington DC: American Research association, 1990, p. 373.
42
43 1.
The impact of gangs of high schools students on school 2.
The impact of gangs of high schools students on society
Chapter IV Results and Discussion
