3. Types of Delinquency
Every country has different idea or consideration in determining the types of delinquency. Based on my pre-interview, the
delinquencies high school students always do at school are truancy, smoking, using drugs, free sex, bullying, and gang-fight.
E. Adolescence
1. Definition
Adolescence is the period of time in a persons’ life when they are developing into an adult.
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According to Adam, adolescence can be defined as a holding period in which education, maturation, and waiting is the principal tasks to be
faced, so that it is not appropriate to tie adolescents with age. And according to him, the concept of adolescents is best considered as the
total development of individual. When children begin to feel less need for familial protection and supervision, their psychological and
hormonal developments to reach adult maturity, and they begin to be responsible among society, those signs are indication of adolescence
appearance.
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2. Psychology and Development of the Adolescent Self
Adolescence is a collage of emotional happenings, intellectual changes, and psychological maturity. It could be considered a very
special period in human life, because it is the end of finishing the tasks of growing and the beginning for starting the business of growing
away. This period is exhilarating, scary, and confusing for adolescents,
because in physical side, their height and weight may double and hair
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Cambridge Advance
learner’s
Dictionary, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009, Third Edition, p. 19.
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James
F. Adams, Understanding Adolescence; Current Developments in Adolescent Psychology, USA: A and B, 1980, Edition, p. 4.
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begins growing all over their body as well as acne and blackheads appear. In emotional side, the adolescents feel ups and downs, with ups
being very up and with downs being very down. For them, for instance, nothing is more exhilarating than being in love at the first sight, and
nothing is more disappointing than falling out love at the first sight.
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3. Major Tasks of Adolescence
The adolescents do not mature simply. In their development, they should fulfill some particular tasks. If they fail to complete them, they
are likely to have difficulties in facing the next stage of development. It means that failure to master the tasks associated with a particular stage
of growth can lead to disapproval by society and difficulty with later tasks.
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The following are major tasks that adolescents should fulfill: a.
Accepting one’s physique. b.
Accepting an appropriate masculine or feminine role. c.
Achieving emotional and economic independence from parents and other adults.
d. Selecting and preparing for a vocation.
e. Developing intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civic
competence. f.
Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior and preparing for marriage and family life.
g. Achieving new relations with age mates of both sexes.
h. Acquiring a set of values that are in harmony with the social
environment.
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James F. Adams, Understanding Adolescence; Current ………, p. 79.
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R. J. Havighurst, Developmental Tasks and education, New York: David Mackey, 1972, Third Edition, p. 127. Guy R. Lefrancois, Adolescent, California: Wadsworth Publishing
Company, 1981, Second Edition, pp. 113 – 118.
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4. Impacts of Parents on the Adolescent’s Growing Self
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