Nominal Group REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.3 Nominal Group

According to Droga 2002: 42 nominal groups name and describe people, places, things and events and typically, but not always, realize the participant roles in a clause. Nominal groups can also be part of a circumstance in the clause. The choices in nominal groups contribute to the experiential meanings in a text. They also say a lot about the field of a text. A nominal group consists of a main noun or ―head‖ word and has the potential to be expanded by adding information before the head word pre- modification and after it post-modification. For example, we could say ―my dog loved those bones‖ or we could say ―my dog loved those three smelly lamb bones from the butcher shop ‖. In the second example, the nominal group provides a more detailed description of the ‗bones‘ because of the pre- and post-modifiers. My dog Loved those three smelly Bones lamb from the butcher shop. Premodifiers Head Postmodifiers Probe questions could be employed to examine the kind of information provided by each element in the nominal group. It can also describe each element functionally. The tables below provide a summary of the choices available or the potential of the nominal group for naming and describing. Table 2.1 Probe and functional label Probe Example Functional Label What? bones Head word Thing Which ones or whose? those bones Deictic How many? those three bones Numerative What like? those three smelly lamb bones Epithet What kind? those three smelly lamb bones Classifier More details after head? Those three smelly lamb bones from the butcher shop Qualifier Source: Droga, 2002: 42 The pro be ―what?‖ will lead to what thing is talked about, which in this example is ―bones‖; while ―which one?‖ will point to the deictic which is represent by ―those‖ ones. In the case of ―numerative‖, we can employ the probe ―how many?‖ like in the above table which pointing to ―three‖ bones. ―What like?‖ probe can find the epithet function: ―smelly‖, while ―what kind?‖ will lead to the classifier: ―lamb‖. Finally, the probe ―more details after head?‖ will determine the qualifier ―from the butcher shop‖.

2.4 Grammatical Metaphor