nucleus of the group. According to Halliday as cited in Gerot and Wignell 1994:54 there are indeed seven different process types.
They are material, behavioral, mental, verbal, relational, existential, and meteorological.
2.2.3.1 Material Processes
The basic meaning of material processes is that some entity does something, undertake some actions. Direct
participant of material processes are actor and goal. In a material process the actor is the key participant. One
identification for material processes is that they ca be probed by asking ―What did x do?‖ or ―What happened?‖ Beside
those participants, material process has beneficiary and range, a related participant that sometimes difficult to distinctive
from goal. There are two kinds of beneficiary: a recipient the one to whom something is processed, and a client the one
for whom something is done, For example: I
‗ll heat you
up some soup
Actor Material
client …process
Goal
Material process involves one, two or more participants, so it can be made a distinction between:
1. Processes in which there is only one participant are called middle, or intransitive. There are clauses in which
―someone does something‖ , and are probed by asking ―what did x do‖
2. Processes in which there are two or more participants are called effective or transitive. These are clauses in
which ―someone does something and the doing involves another entity‖. Transitive clauses are probed by ―what
did x do to y ?‖
2.2.3.2 Mental Processes
Mental processes are ones of sensing: feeling, thinking, perceiving. Mental processes are mental, covert kinds of
goings-on. Here are the verbs, which are used in clauses have to do with affection, cognition, or perception.
e.g. That toaster doesn‘t like me
Participant: Senser
Process: Mental Participant:
Phenomenon
2.2.3.3 Verbal Processes
Verbal processes are processes of verbal action: saying and all its many synonyms, including symbolic exchanges of
meaning. A verbal process contains three participants : sayer, receiver, and verbiage. The sayer, the participant responsible
for the verbal process, does not have to be a conscious participant, but anything capable of putting out signal. The
receiver is the one to whom the verbal process is directed.
The verbiage is a nominalized statement of the verbal
process, a noun expressing some kind of verbal behavior.
e.g. So I asked him a question Sayer
Pr: verbal Receiver
Verbiage
2.2.3.4 Behavioral Processes
