28 thinking or how they feel about a particular thing. The researcher asked about the
teacher’s perception of the text modelling and how she implemented it. The respondent was open to reply in her own expressions, and to answer either in brief or
at length. Then, the responses were recorded by taking notes during the interview and with a voice recorder.
3. Questionnaire The last instrument was the questionnaire. In this study, a questionnaire was
instrument of the study to gather information through the students’ written responses to a list of questions Ary et al., 1990, p. 418. There were two types of
questionnaires, namely structured, or closed, and unstructured, or opened-ended questions Ary et al., 1990, p. 424. In order to gather the students’ perceptions on
the use of text modelling, the researcher employed the closed questionnaire. The closed questions allowed individual to pick the response that best represented hisher
belief or opinion. It meant that the students could directly choose what they want and the opinions could directly be completed. On the closed questions, the researcher
provided thirteen closed questions. In the closed questions, for positive statements, the students might choose a number between 4 until 1 in a Likert scale. The Likert
scale indicated their level of agreement on a range from strongly agree to strongly disagree
Ary et al., 1990, p. 425. Score or number 4 is strongly agree, 3 is for agree, 2 is for disagree, and 1 is for strongly disagree.
D. Data Gathering Technique
This research was conducted when the class in progress of 20072008 academic year. The observation was conducted on February 7, 2008. Then, the
29 researcher distributed the questionnaire sheet to the eighth grade on June 7, 2008 and
conducted the interview to the English teacher. This research used the observation checklist, the interview to the English teacher, and the questionnaire. In short, data
gathered were shown in Table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1 Summary of the Data Gathering
Activity Data Gathered
Method
observation how the use of text modelling was
implemented Complete observer
interview The teacher’s comprehension about
the text modelling and how she implemented it
open-ended interview
questionnaire A list of 13 closed questions
Closed questionnaire
There was an observation in this study see Appendix C. In the observation, the researcher took notes on how the use of text modelling stage was implemented,
such as the arrangement of the text modelling, how the teacher did the text modelling clearly, and what activities occurred in this stage.
This study used an open-ended interview to the English teacher see Appendices D and E
about the text modelling in teaching writing. The respondent
was open to answer in her own expressions. The responses were recorded by taking notes during the interview and with a voice recorder.
This study also used a questionnaire to know the participants’ perceptions on the use of text modelling in teaching writing, especially teaching recount. The
researcher employed the 13 close questions to pick the response that best represented hisher belief or opinion.
30
E. Data Analysis Technique
The first step in analyzing the data gathered was recording the questionnaire results in a form of table see Appendix B. The Likert scale was used to measure the
students’ perceptions on the use of text modelling. The range is from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Score or number 4 is strongly agree, 3 is for agree, 2 is for
disagree, and 1 is for strongly disagree. The second step in analyzing the data gathered was analyzing the observation
checklist see Appendix C. This was analyzed in order to find out the implementation on the use of text modelling.
The last step was analyzing the interview results. Instead of using a tape
recorder, the researcher also recorded the data in a note. The interview results would not specifically be discussed in a certain part, but it would be used to support the
second research questions.
F. Research Procedure
In order to answer the research problem, the following procedures were applied in this research:
1. Conducting the survey research The researcher conducted the survey research. It often took the form of a
questionnaire that was sent out to a group of people about a particular topic. 2. Constructing the questionnaires
The researcher constructed the closed questionnaire. There were thirteen closed questions that would be given to the respondents.
