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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is dedicated to present a theoretical description which shows the areas of this study which consist of many theories from the experts and theoretical
framework.
A. Theoretical Description
In the theoretical description, the researcher will provide the basic theories of perception, the learning stages in the literacy cycle, modelling and deconstructing the
text, recount text type, curriculum based competency, and theoretical bases in
competency based curriculum.
1. Theory of Perception
a. Definition of Perception
Robbins 2005, p. 134 defines perception as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their
environment. Kreitner and Kinicki 2007, p. 207 have the same opinion that perception is a cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand the
surroundings. From those definitions, perception is viewed as the responses to a stimulus or
to the surroundings. Those responses occur in people’s awareness to the stimuli for people get the incoming data from the stimuli through their sensory receptors. Then,
these responses will be interpreted as meaningful information about the stimuli and so called perceptions.
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b. Factors Influencing Perception
Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985, p. 90 reveal that there are a number of factors influence a person’s perception. Four of the most important are:
1 Selection of stimuli Selection is the process of focusing only on a small number of the stimuli. This is
one reason why people perceive things differently, each person selects specific cues and filters or screens, out of others. For example, a student may be so
intently doing a writing test that he or she is obvious to the noises caused by environment around. The distractions are screened out of his or her awareness
and do not interfere with the students’ focusing. People have thresholds, which are different in the levels. A student can write or read and still be able to follow
the plot of a television program, while the other student cannot. 2 Organization of stimuli
After information has undergone the screening process, it must be arranged to become meaningful. The mind tries to bring order out of the disorganized
onslaught of sensory data by selecting particular items and putting the together in a meaningful way that is based on experiences.
3 The situation A situation, as well as, his or her past experiences, affects what one person
perceives. Perceiving a situation accurately is also related to how well a person organizes his or her behavior to situations.
4 Self-concept
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