Related Studies Theoretical Description

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the researcher presents the review of related literature used in this study to help the researcher to answer the two problems formulation stated in the previous chapter. There are some theories about pragmatics presupposition used by the researcher in this study. In this chapter, the researcher presents two subtopics, namely the theoretical description and the theoretical framework.

A. Theoretical Description

In this theoretical description, the researcher presents some theories which are directly relevant to the matter in this study, which is pragmatics presupposition in some countries’ and states’ slogans. In the theoretical description, the researcher presents the related studies, theories on advertisement, pragmatics presuppositions, and presupposition triggers. The field of this study is pragmatics. Pragmatics is the study of language from a functional point of view that attempts to explain aspects of linguistics structure by reference to non- linguistics pressures and causes Levinson, 1983 p. 7. In this study, the researcher focuses on pragmatics presupposition, specifically the types of pragmatic presupposition and also kinds of presuppositional triggers discovered in some countries’ and states’ slogans.

1. Related Studies

Presupposition is an interesting topic of pragmatics to be discussed. There are some researchers who had been doing investigations on presupposition either 12 semantics presupposition or pragmatics presupposition. In this research, the researcher presents some similar studies which are relevant to the topic. Asher and Lascarides 1998 did research on semantics and pragmatics of presupposition. Both of them did a novel analysis of presupposition and paid particular attention to the interaction between the knowledge resources that are required to interpret them. As the result of their study, there are three main advantages to processing presupposition through binding them to the context with a rhetorical context. Different from Asher and Lascarides 1998 who did an investigation of presupposition in a novel, Abusch 2002 did research on lexical alternatives as a source of pragmatics presupposition. In his research, he focused on presupposition of verbs like know and stop. The result of his study is that he analyzed the differences in suspendability between soft and hard triggers of the presupposition of stop . He also analyzed Stalnaker’s and Simons’ analyses of the verb know. The last, he came up with the analysis of lexical alternative of the verb know and stop. Besides, in this study, the researcher also reviewed the Sarjana Pendidikan thesis of a former student of Sanata Dharma University, Humardhiana 2009, who conducted research on presupposition discovered in Weekender Magazine. In her research, she focused on the function of the presuppositions occurred in Weekender Magazine. She applied qualitative approach in her descriptive research. She used 100 Weekender magazine’s advertisements as her data. As the result of her study, there were found four functions of presupposition. 13 Having reviewed some related studies on presuppositions, the researcher put this study focusing on the kinds of presupposition triggers and types of presupposition discovered in countries’ and states’ slogans.

2. Theories on Advertisement