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unknown vocabulary items because the English teacher was more focus on translating English vocabulary during the discussion. Moreover, the students in
some classes needed teacher’s help in the English teaching and learning process, especially to translate English vocabulary. It helped the students in understanding
the English lesson.
B. Research Discussion
In this part, the researcher provides the discussion to answer the two research questions. The researcher discussion is divided into two points. The first
one is talking about the types of code switching. The second one discusses the functions of code switching.
1. The Types of Code Switching Occurred in the Classrooms
Poplack 1980 identified types of code switching which occurred in her research, namely tag, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential switching. After
analyzing the data, the result showed that there were three types of code switching which occurred during English teaching and learning process in SMP N 2 Mlati
which included tag switching, inter-sentential code switching, and intra-sentential code switching.
a. Tag-Switching
Tag-switching involves the insertion of a tag in one language into an utterance which is otherwise entirely in the other language Poplack, 1980.
According to the audio recordings that were made during the researcher’s observation, this type of code switching had the least number of cases compared
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to the others. The researcher only found four cases of tag-switching that existed in English teaching and learning process to the eighth grade students of SMP N 2
Mlati. The cases were presented below. The first case of tag-switching occurred in class 8D. In this case, the
teacher instructed the students to open their student worksheets. The English teacher said:
[2] T: Yuk, open your student worksheet now. The English teacher inserted the tag yuk in his English sentence. The tag
yuk is actually used to emphasize his utterance. From the case above, it can be said that the English teacher did tag-switching by inserting the tag yuk in the
English sentence. The second case of tag switching also occurred in 8D class. It happened
when the teacher agreed with the student’s answer. The English teacher and the students were having a short discussion about degree of comparison.
[18] T: Yak, degree of comparison. The case showed that the English teacher inserted the tag yak in the
English sentence. Actually, the tag yak has the same meaning as ya in Indonesian or “yes” in English. So, it can be concluded that the English teacher did tag-
switching by inserting the tag yak in his English utterance. The third case of tag-switching occurred in 8C class. This case occurred
when a student read an English text. The English teacher gave compliment and suggestion to her. The teacher said:
[49] T: Are you going to take English major in the future? Good idea You can study in Sanata Dharma for the better English. Ok, nduk?
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From that case, we could see that the English teacher inserted the tag nduk
in the English sentence. The tag nduk actually comes from Indonesian; it means “a
girl”. The English teacher did tag-switching in teaching English by inserting the tag nduk in his English sentence.
The fourth case also occurred in 8C class. The teacher and the students were discussing the exercise in the student worksheets. The teacher instructed the
student to read and answer the next number. [52]T: Yuk, the next number. Please read it
The teacher used the tag yuk when he instructed the students to do something. He did tag-switching by inserting the tag yuk to emphasize his
utterance.
b. Inter-Sentential Code Switching
