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From that case, we could see that the English teacher inserted the tag nduk
in the English sentence. The tag nduk actually comes from Indonesian; it means “a
girl”. The English teacher did tag-switching in teaching English by inserting the tag nduk in his English sentence.
The fourth case also occurred in 8C class. The teacher and the students were discussing the exercise in the student worksheets. The teacher instructed the
student to read and answer the next number. [52]T: Yuk, the next number. Please read it
The teacher used the tag yuk when he instructed the students to do something. He did tag-switching by inserting the tag yuk to emphasize his
utterance.
b. Inter-Sentential Code Switching
According to Myers-Scotton 1993, inter-sentential code-switching involves switches from one language to the other between sentences. Inter-
sentential code switching refers to a type of code switching: the alternation in a single discourse between two languages, where the switching occurs after a
sentence in the first language has been completed and the next sentence starts with a new language e.g. Appel Muysken 1987:118.
In this section, the researcher made categorization of inter-sentential code switching based on the switching of languages occurred in the classrooms. The
categorizations are: inter-sentential code switching from English to Indonesian, inter-sentential code switching from Indonesian to English, inter-sentential code
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switching from English to Javanese, and inter-sentential code switching from Javanese to English.
1 Inter-sentential Code Switching from English to Indonesian
The first categorization of inter-sentential code switching is inter- sentential code switching from English to Indonesian. Usually, this categorization
is used by the English teacher to repeat or to clarify something to the students. The researcher found some cases of inter-sentential code switching from English
to Indonesian during the classroom observation. Here are some examples of the cases:
[3] T: How many pages are there? Ada berapa halaman anak-anak? The example above showed that the teacher repeated his question to the
students. First, the teacher used English in the first question “How many pages are there?” Then, the teacher used Indonesian for the second question by saying “Ada
berapa halaman anak-anak? ” From the example, we could see that the English
teacher did inter-sentential code switching from English to Indonesian since the English teacher began her sentence in English and continued the next sentence in
Indonesian. The second example of inter-sentential code switching from English to
Indonesian was: [11] T: Who wants to read this text? Siapa yang mau baca ini? Yuk dek,
silahkan dibaca. From the example, we could see that the English teacher did inter-
sentential code switching from English to Indonesian in his utterances. The English teacher used English in his first question. However, he continued his
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sentences in Indonesian by saying “Siapa yang mau baca ini? Yuk dek, silahkan d
ibaca.” He used Indonesian in order to repeat his first English question when nobody gave response. Therefore, this case can be concluded as inter-sentential
code switching since the English teacher used English in his first sentence, and then he continued the next sentences in Indonesian.
2 Inter-sentential Code Switching from Indonesian to English
The second categorization of inter-sentential code switching is inter- sentential code switching from Indonesian to English. This categorization is
usually done by the English teacher to continue or to correlate his utterances. Here are the examples of inter-sentential code switching cases from Indonesian to
English. The first example occurred when the English teacher greeted the students
and asked about the last material by saying: [1] T: Good morning students. Materi terakhir sampai mana? Any
homework? In the example, the English teacher asked about the last material to the
students in Indonesian. The question was “Materi terakhir sampai mana?” However, the teach
er used English in the next question by saying “Any homework?” From the example above, we could see that it is called by inter-
sentential code switching case from Indonesian to English since the English teacher used Indonesian in his first question and continued his question in
English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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The second example occurred when the English teacher and the students were having a short discussion about degree of comparison. The English teacher
said: [19] T: Yang ini disebut apa anak-anak? Is it a verb?
In the example above, we could see that the English teacher used Indonesian in his first question. The question was “Yang ini disebut apa anak-
anak? ” Then, he continued his question in English by saying “Is it a verb?” It is
showed that the English teacher used Indonesian in his first question and continued the next question in English. It can be concluded as inter-sentential
code switching case from Indonesian to English.
3 Inter-sentential Code Switching from English to Javanese
The English teacher also did inter-sentential code switching from English to Javanese in teaching English to the eighth grade students of SMP N 2 Mlati.
Here are the examples of inter-sentential code switching from English to Javanese:
[39] T: Who else? Sopo meneh? This case occurred when the teacher gave a real example about the use of
“the only”. Then, the teacher asked the students to give another example. The teacher asked the student in English and Javanese. First, the teacher used English
in his first question. However, there was no response from the students. The teacher repeated his question in Javanese: “Sopo meneh?” From the case above, it
can be concluded that the English teacher did inter-sentential code switching from PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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English to Javanese since the English teacher began his question in English and continued the next question in Javanese.
[51] T: What is entrance gate? Opo artine dek? We could see in the example that the English teacher first used English in
his question. The question was “What is entrance gate?” However, he continued his question in Javanese by saying “Opo artine dek?” The example showed that
the teacher used English in his first sentence and used Javanese in his next question. It can be concluded that the example above is called inter-sentential
code switching case from English to Javanese.
4 Inter-sentential Code Switching from Javanese to English.
The last categorization was also done by the English teacher. The teacher did inter-sentential code switching case from Javanese to English during teaching
and learning process. Based on the list of code switching cases, there was only one case of inter-sentential code switching from Javanese to English used by the
English teacher. The case is presented as follows. [25] T: Opo le, opo le? Once again.
The case occurred when the teacher asked a student to repeat his answer. The teacher used Javanese and English in his utterance. First, he used Javanese by
saying “Opo le, opo le?” However, he continued his utterance in English. Since the English teacher began his utterance in Javanese and continued in English, we
could conclude that the English teacher di inter-sentential code switching case from Javanese to English.
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c. Intra-Sentential Code Switching
