Intra-Sentential Code Switching The Types of Code Switching Occurred in the Classrooms

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c. Intra-Sentential Code Switching

Intra-sentential switching occurs within the same sentence, from single- morpheme to clause level Myers-Scotton, 1993. While MacSwan 2006 defines intra-sentential switching includes the insertion of a word, phrase, or clause in one language to a clause or sentence in another language. In this part, intra-sentential code switching is narrowed down into some categorizations, namely single word code switching, phrase code switching, and clause code switching. 1 Single Word Code Switching The first categorization of intra-sentential code switching is single word code switching. From the data result, the researcher found that there were some cases of single word intra-sentential code switching. Here are some of the examples: [6] T: So I do apa so do I? The first example occurred when the teacher and the students were discussing the question s in the students’ worksheet. The teacher asked the students to make sure whether the student’s answer was true or not. From the first example, we could see that the teacher switch code by saying “So I do apa so do I?” The case was categorized in single word code switching because there was only one Indonesian word in the teacher’s sentence which was apa. [58] T: What is humid? Underline the word humid So, what is the meaning of humid? Lembap, good PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 40 The second example was done by the English teacher when the teacher and the students were having discussion about some difficult words in the exercise. The teacher asked the students about the meaning of humid. Then the students answered correctly. In this case, the teacher did single word intra- sentential code switching by saying one Indonesian word in his utterance which was lembap. 2 Phrase Code Switching The second categorization of intra-sentential code switching is phrase code switching. This categorization was also done by the English teacher of SMP N 2 Mlati when he taught English in the classrooms. The researcher found some cases of phrase intra-sentential code switching cases done by the English teacher. The first case of phrase intra-sentential code switching occurred when the teacher asked the students about recount text. The English teacher said: [13] T: Past tense is one of the features, salah satu ciri of? What kind of text? From the case above, we could see that there is an Indonesian phrase, salah satu ciri¸ within the teacher’s sentence. It could be concluded that the English teacher did phrase intra-sentential code switching in his utterance by saying salah satu ciri. The second case of phrase intra-sentential code switching was done by the English teacher when the teacher and the students were having discussion about some difficult words in the exercise. [36] T: So, as crowded as means seramai atau sama ramainya. 41 From the second case, we could see that the English teacher said an Indonesian phrase when he translated the word as crowded as into Indonesian which is mean seramai atau sama ramainya. Therefore, we could conclude that the English teacher did phrase code switching by saying seramai atau sama ramainya in his utterance. 3 Clause Code Switching Clause code switching is the third categorization of intra-sentential code switching. It is the rarest categorizations of intra-sentential done by the English teacher. Here are some cases of clause code switching: The first case occurred when the teacher invites the students to be more active by raising their hands and answering the questions. Then one of the students raised his hand. [15] T: Raise your hand, please Yes, kamu yang ngacung. The case above shows that the English teacher used an Indonesian clause in his sentence by saying kamu yang ngacung. This case was categorized into clause code switching because there was an Indonesian clause in the English teacher’s utterance which was kamu yang ngacung. The second case occurred when the teacher and the students were having short discussion about degree of comparison. Then the English teacher said that he would explain about degree of comparison in the next meeting. [50] T: The closest, degree of comparison besok saya terangkan, not now. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 42 From that case, we could see that there is an Indonesian clause within the teacher’s utterance. It could be concluded that the English teacher did clause code switching in his utterance by saying besok saya terangkan.

2. The Functions of Code Switching Occurred in the Classrooms