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a. Observation Checklist
Schmuck 1997 states observation methods are useful to researchers in a variety of ways. It provides researchers with ways to check for nonverbal
expression of feelings, determine who interacts with whom, grasp how participants communicate with each other, and check for how much time is spent
on various activities. While observing the participant, the researcher took notes on the list of code switching cases that occurred in the classrooms.
The researcher also filled the observation checklists. The observation checklist was functioned to write down the classified data. This observation
checklist was in the form of table which was adapted from Poplack 1980 and Jingxia 2010. It presented two matters which became the focus of the study,
which were, the types and the function of teac her’s code switching. The format of
the observation checklist can be illustrated in the table below.
Table 3.1.
The Sample of the Checklist of Code Switching Cases
No Code Switching
Cases Context
Type of CS Function
TS IR
IA TV EG
MC EP
IS QO
1 Good morning
students. Materi terakhir sampai
mana? Any homework?
The teacher greets and
asks about the last
material, whether
any homework
or not.
√ √
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Abbreviation: IR : Inter-sentential switching
IA : Intra-sentential switching TS : Tag switching
TV : Translating Unknown Vocabulary Items EG : Explaining Grammar
MC : Managing Class EP : Emphasizing Some Points
IS : Indexing a Stance of Empathy or Solidarity Towards Students QO: Facilitating Students’ Understanding by Quoting Others’ Words
b. Recordings
The researcher also used recordings as the instrument of this research. The recordings refer to the audio recordings during the English teaching and learning
process in the classrooms which contained code switching cases. Then, the recordings were used to collect the data about the types and functions of code
switching occurred in the classrooms. The recordings were analyzed by using the theories that have been employed. To ease the data analysis, the researcher used
the same format of the observation checklist. The observation checklist later helped the researcher to complete and strengthen the data observation.
2. Data Gathering Technique
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