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any structure words of the language. Function words in English conclude prepositions at, in, of, and between, pronouns he, they, she, determiners the,
much, more, either, neither, conjunctions that, when, while, and, although, auxiliary verbs be: is, am, are, have and particles no, not, nor, as
While, the content words or lexical words are words that carry the content or the meaning of the sentence. It can be called as open-class words. Open classes
accept the addition of new morphemes such process as compounding, derivation, inflection, coining and borrowing. It can be added at any times as new scientific
advances makes new words and communication about new inventions necessary. The content words can be divided into three general classes. Those are:
a Word naming things, ideas,and entitle that we might call them noun
b Word used to describe the qualities of those thing or action called
adjectives and adverbs c
Words naming actions is called by “verbs”.
B. Verbs
Verbs are really needed in learning English language, because when we want to make the sentences, we need one or two more verbs. Here are the brief
explanations of verbs:
1. The Understanding of Verbs
The verb is one of the parts of speech. Based on Brown a verb is a word which expresses action or helps to make a statement.
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On the other hand, Frank stated that the verb is the most complex part of speech. It is varying arrangement
with nouns determine the different kinds of sentences-statements, questions, commands, and exclamation and like noun, the verb has the grammatical
properties of person and number.
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Based on the definitions above, the writer would like to summarize about verbs. Verbs are words that described as an action which have meaning to do.
7
Ann Cole Brown, et al. Grammar and Composition, Boston: Houghton Miffin Company, 1984, p. 11.
8
Marcella Frank, Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1972, p. 47.
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2. The Principle Parts of Verbs
Every verb has four basic called principal parts and according to Ann Cale Brown and Jeffrey Nilson, there are four principles parts of verbs
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. It can be divided as follows:
a. the Infinitive is the verb in its most basic form, the form given in
the dictionary as the entry word. b.
the present participle consists of the infinitive plus –ing. For example
Race+ -ing = Racing Final e is dropped Jog+ -ing = Jogging Final g is doubled
c. Past Verbs: are verbs that form the past. It contains regular and
irregular verbs depend on the verbs itself. d.
Past Participle: it is often called the
–ed form as it is form by adding
–d or –ed to the base form of regular verbs, however it is
also formed in various other ways for irregular verbs. Based on the explanations above, there are four principles parts of verbs.
However, the writer only focuses on the past verbs that contain regular and irregular verbs for his research.
2a. Regular Verb
According to Raymond Murphy, A verb can be categorized as a regular verbs when the simple past and past participle end in
–ed.
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Meanwhile according to Brown regular verbs are verbs that form the past and the past participle by
adding –d or –ed to the infinitive
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. Based on Azar, regular verbs are the past form and the past participle form by adding
–d or –ed to the present.
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9
Ann Cole Brown, op.cit., 132.
10
Raymond Murphy and Wiliam R. Smalzer, Grammar in Use Intermediate, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 268.
11
Brown, loc. cit.
12
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc, 1989, p. 17.
