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specific role for the students in groups, such as noise monitor, turn-take
monitor and recorder. In group formation the teacher also has to notice that learning in groups need a leader, therefore the teacher has to select one
student to be the leader in their groups.
c. Individual Accountability
In Cooperative Learning, individual accountability is important, because it involves both group and individual performance, for example
by assigning each student a grade on his or her portion of a team project or by calling on a student random to share with the whole class, with group
members, or with another group.
d. Social Skill
Social skills is needed to ensure successful interaction among the students, therefore social skills in cooperative learning classroom include
the ways students make interaction to each other in order to achieve activity or task objectives.
e.
Structuring and Structure
Structuring and Structures refers to ways of organizing students‟ interaction and different ways students are interact.
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For example step 1 one student talks while others listen, then step 2 the next student talks.
There are some additional elements of cooperative learning that the teacher also has to know when they want to implement cooperative
learning in the classroom. Below are the others additional elements of cooperative learning based on Orlich.
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a. Face to Face Interaction
Face to Face interaction is really needed in cooperative learning, because in cooperative learning, students have to make an interaction to
each other and the students have to assist one another with learning task, and the students have
to promote one another‟s success.
28
Ibid. , p. 197.
29
Donald C. Orlich. et al., Teaching Strategies: A Guide to Effective Instruction, Boston: Wadsworth, 2007, p. 171.
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b. Group Evaluation
Group evaluation is also important in cooperative learning because each of the students in the group needs to evaluate in order to know the
problems. Group Evaluation is really needed in cooperative learning, because the teacher should develop for engaging students in problem
solving and conflict resolution. From all explanations above, the writer assumes that in order cooperative
learning become more effective and more efficient, the teacher in the classroom has to notice and understand about some elements in cooperative learning. By
understanding those elements, the teacher will be easier in conducting cooperative learning in the classroom.
4. The Roles in Cooperative Learning
Applying cooperative le arning in the classroom has to notice the learner‟s
role and also the teacher‟s role, because the teacher and students‟ roles in cooperative learning are different. Below are the brief descriptions about the
learner‟s roles in cooperative learning:
1. The Learner’s Roles
Based on Kagan, there are some possible roles assignments for the students in cooperative learning class. Those are:
a Gate- Keeper Monitor. In this case, the teacher should make sure
that each student participates and that no one individual dominates of the group process.
b Cheer Leader encourager. The function is to make sure that the
contributions of each member and the team as a whole is appreciated.
c Task Master Super visor. The function is to keep the group on
task and attempt to make sure each number give the contribution. d
Secretary recorder and reporter. The function is to record team answer and supporting material and can be also the team spokes
person in reporting to the whole class.
