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b Cooperative learning emphasizes the students to make positive interactions
and the students have to develop the interaction. c
Every student in cooperative learning has opportunities to work in different teams.
d Social, Language, and Content skills are all learned in the process of
interacting with the group.
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From all explanations above, the writer assumes that in order to make cooperative learning more effective, the teacher must understand the principles of
cooperative learning. The writer agrees with the principles which stated that positive interaction is one of the important things in conducting cooperative
learning, because by developing positive interactions, the students can develop their abilities and the students can share their ideas to their classmates easily, and
also the teacher have to let the students learn by themselves in order to find out the learning goals. By letting the students, work in team can cause a social
interaction to happen.
3. The Elements of Cooperative Learning
Cooperative learning also has some elements in order cooperative learning becomes more effectives. While, according to Richards in his book Approaches
and Methods in Language Teaching, there are some elements of cooperative learning in the classroom. It can be summarized as follows:
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a. Positive Interdependence
Positive interdependence occurs when group member feel that what helps one member helps all and what hurts one member hurts all. It
means positive interdependence is a management system that encourages students to work together.
b. Group Formation
A group formation is also an important factor in creating positive interdependence. In group formation, the teacher has to decide on the size
of the groups, assign students to group, and the teacher also has to give
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Adrienne L. Herrell and Michael Jordan, 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners: Fourth Edition, Boston: Pearson Education inc. , 2012, p. 47.
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Richards and Rodgers, op. cit., p. 196.
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specific role for the students in groups, such as noise monitor, turn-take
monitor and recorder. In group formation the teacher also has to notice that learning in groups need a leader, therefore the teacher has to select one
student to be the leader in their groups.
c. Individual Accountability
In Cooperative Learning, individual accountability is important, because it involves both group and individual performance, for example
