27
teams to master basic content area.
43
The teacher presents a lesson, and then students work within their teams to make sure all team members have
mastered the lesson. Then, all students take individual quizzes on the material, at which time they may not help one another.
44
b. Teams- Games Tournament TGT, TGT has many of the same dynamics
as STAD, but adds a dimension of excitement contributed by the use of games.
45
c. Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition CIRC. CIRC is
specifically used to teach reading and composition. In CIRC procedure, the teacher sets a lesson in some specific area of reading or composition,
for example the students team asked to read the story and note to the main characters and ideas.
46
d. Jigsaw is one of cooperative learning strategy that uses task specialization
to make individual students expert on a particular area or topic. Jigsaw helps learners to break the learning into manageable pieces, and then to
integrate all the pieces into a meaningful whole. It is based on the idea that each learner will first become an expert in a small part of what they have
to learn and then teach other learners about this part of the learning materials.
47
There are many variations in cooperative learning that the teacher can be used to teach the materials. The teacher may select one or two variations or even
the teacher can mix those variations in teaching. However, in this occasion, the writer uses jigsaw as the most priority technique in teaching verbs.
8. The Jigsaw Technique
There are many techniques in cooperative learning which can be used in teaching and learning process. One of the techniques in cooperative learning is
Jigsaw. Jigsaw techniques was first developed in the early 1970s. It was proposed
43
Kauchak, op.cit. p.321.
44
Slavin, op. cit., p. 5.
45
Ibid. , p. 5.
46
Cruickshank. et al., The Act of Teaching 4
th
Edition, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2006, p. 241.
47
Killen, op. cit., p. 198.
28
by Elliot Aronson and his students at the University of Texas and the University of California. In cooperative learning strategy, Jigsaw is a teaching technique used
in small group instruction. Students of a normal- sized class 26 students – 33
students are divided into competency groups of four to six students, each of which is given a list of subtopic to research. Individual members of each group
then break off to work with the “experts” from other groups, researching a part of the material being studied, after which they return to their starting body in the role
of instructor for their subcategory.
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Jigsaw is also appropriate for students of many ages, because the structure of any jigsaw technique can be modified to fit the needs of different ages, grade
levels, or content area. jigsaw also provides the opportunities for the teacher to asses the students wh
o work as an indvidual and asses the students‟ performance while they were in group. Implementing jigsaw in the classroom gives the
opportunity for the teacher to observe students‟ critical thinking.
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9. Step in Jigsaw’s Implementation
Based on Aronson 2008, there are ten considered important in the implementation of the jigsaw classroom. Those are the steps in implementing
jigsaw at the classroom: 1
The groups should be diverse in terms of gender, ethnicity, race and ability and the students are divided into 5 or 6 persons in jigsaw group.
2 The teacher has to appoint one student from each group as the leader.
Initially, this person should be the most mature student in the group. 3
The material is divided into 5-6 segments one for each member. 4
Each student is designed one segment to learn. Students should only have direct access to only their own segment.
5 Give students should be given time to read over their segment at least
twice to become familiar with it. Students do not need to memorize it. 6
Temporary experts group should be formed in which one student from each jigsaw group joins other student assigned to the same segment.
48
Richards, op. cit., p. 196.
49
Jeanine M. Dell‟ Olio and Tony Donk, Models of Teaching New York: SAGE
Publication Inc,. p. 277.
