gerund form “fishing”. I think this error occurs because of the students’
inability using gerund us ed in the negative adjective “no”.
Original Sentence Reconstruction
74. There is no assumtion that
they win the game. There is no assuming that they win
the game.
Related to the sample, the error occurs because the students used the wrong verb+ing form. T
he students used “assumtion” instead of “assuming”. It is because they think that “assumtion” is the noun form of
“assume”. The position of “assume” that is after adverb “not” make “assume” become verbal noun by adding the suffix “ing”. It is as a prove
that the students do not understand the use of gerund well.
4.3. Classification of Error
Having finished analyzing the errors made by the fourth semester students of Englsih Department, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of
Sumatera Utara, I made tables as the indicator of the frequency and precentage of the error. I classified the errors into function of gerund and kinds of error
because the amount of the error based on the function of gerund and kinds of error is different. There are found more than one kinds of error in a sentence.
These tables below show the amount, the fequency and the percentage of error made by the students. To know the percentage of errors, the researcher used the
formula of Bungin 2005:171-172 that is N=fxn x 100.
4.3.1. Error Based on Function of Gerund
Gerund, like a noun, can function as subject, direct object, subjective complement, after preposition, after possesive, and gerund used in the
negative adjective “no”. Based on the data, the researcher found that
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many of the students still produced error in using gerund. The tables below show the classification of error per sub-category comes from
completion test and writing a short paragraph, the percentage of error per sub-category, the population of correct and incorrect sentences and the
percentage of population error.
Table 4.3. Classification of Error per Sub-Category No
Gerund Numbers
1
Gerund as Subject 56
2
Gerund as Direct Object 187
3
Gerund as Subjective Complement 28
4
Subject after Preposition 92
5
Gerund after Possesive 82
6
Gerund Used in the Negative Adjective “No”
67 Total
512
Based on the table above, it can be concluded that from 512 total of errors, there are 56 errors in using gerund as subject, 187 errors in
using gerund as direct object, 28 errors in using gerund as subjective complement, 92 errors in using gerund after preposition, 82 errors in
using gerund after possesive, and 67 errors in using gerund used in the negative adjective “no”.
Table 4.4. The Percentage of Error per Sub-Category No
Gerund Numbers
N=fxn x 100 Percentage
1
Gerund as Subject
56 56512 x 100
10.9
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2
Gerund as Direct Object
187 187512 x
100
36.5
3
Gerund as Subjective
Complement 28
28512 x 100
5.5
4
Subject after Preposition
92 92512 x 100
18
5
Gerund after Possesive
82 82512 x 100
16
6
Gerund Used in the Negative
Adjective “No”
67 67512 x 100
13.1
Total 512
100
Based on the tables above, it can be concluded that the most dominant error in using gerund based on the function is gerund as direct
object 36.5 and the less dominant error is gerund as subjective complement 5.5.
Table 4.5. Number of Correct and Incorrect Sentence No
Population Numbers
1 Correct sentences
1857 2
Incorrect sentences 512
Total 2369
Table 4.6. Frequency and Percentage of Population Error in Using Gerund.
No Type of Error
Total N=fxn x 100 Percentage
1
Gerund as Subject 56
562369 x 100
2.3
2
Gerund as Direct Object
187
1872369 x 100
7.9
3
Gerund as Subjective Complement
28
282369 x 100
1.2
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4
Subject after Preposition
92
922369 x 100
3.9
5
Gerund after Possesive 82
822369 x 100
3.4
6
Gerund Used in the Negative Adjective
“No” 67
672369 x 100
2.9
Total of Error 512
5122369 x 100
21.6 Total of Correct
