Theory of Racism Review of Related Theories

by the colonizer which bring some effects to the people in that land. It happens because there is a clash between two different cultures where one of them is under control by the superior one. Bressler stated that Postcolonial literature and theory investigate what happens when two cultures clash and when one of them with its accompanying ideology empowers and deems itself superior to the other 2006:265. Postcolonial deals with the effects of colonization on culture and also societies. Any kind of actions regarding colonial processes from the beginning until the independence is the characteristic of Postcolonial study. Postcolonial study also talks about the superiority. Edward Said‟s Orientalism discusses the superiority. It deploys a variety of strategies whose common factor is they guarantee position of superiority for the Westerners over the orient Baskara 2010:10. Postcolonial study is highlighting the struggle that occurs when one culture is dominated by other culture. The struggle includes the difference, nationalism, postmodernism, representation and resistance, ethnicity, feminism, language, education, history, place, and production. Postcolonialist critics state that “European colonialism did occur that the British Empire was at the center of this colonialism ”. The conquerors not only dominated the physical land but also the ideology of the colonized people, and that the effects of the colonization are many and are still being felt today. According to Edward Said, nineteenth-century Europeans tried to justify their territorial conquests by propagating a manufactured belief called Orientalism. Orientalism represents the first phase of Postcolonial theory. Edward Said explains that the colonized is an integral part of European material civilization and culture. Many writers, poets, novelists, philosophers, political theorists, economists, and imperial administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995:87-88. Postcolonial study is based on the „historical fact‟ of European colonialism and its diverse effects. It discusses about experience of various kinds: migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender and place Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995:2. The main character in the novel When The Pelican Laughed is experiencing migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender and place. It is the effect of British colonialism to The Aborigines. The characteristic of Postcolonial study in the novel When The Pelican Laughed can be seen from the reaction of the aborigines who are discriminated. The aborigines do not fight back when they are treated unequal by the whites. Alice does not fight back when she is treated unfairly. She is chased away when she is in the hall, seeing the white people dance; She is chased away at the lobby of the hotel; After the church is over, the minister does not want shake hand with Alice, when Alice comes. Those are some example when Alice is treated unfairly without any reason, but she does not fight back.