Those researches are the references for the writer in writing this research. Although the topic in this research is different from the topic of those two studies,
but both of them can be very helpful for the writer, since the object of the discussion is the same, talking about the whites and the aborigines.
This research focuses on the characteristic of Alice from her childhood, until she becomes a mother. The writer analyze
s Alice‟s life story since Alice was a child until she gets old. The writer also finds out the discriminations that Alice
faces when she is working at the camp. The writer sees there is a change of Alice‟s behavior and also her thought. She wants to get a better life.
The third research that the writer uses entitled “Willie Traynors Reaction
to Rac e Discrimination in The American Society in the 1970‟s Reflected in John
Grisham‟s The Last Juror” by Deva Bharata Probo Handoyo. Handoyo disccusses the race discrimination of the blacks in Southern. He focuses on the reaction of
the main character in reacting against the race discrimination in his society. The aims of writing this undergraduate thesis were to know further the life,
the sufferings, and the race discriminations of the blacks in Southern; and also to highlight the importance of main character of the story in reacting
against the race discriminations that happened in the society Handoyo, 2004:x.
The research conducted by Handoyo is to see the main character‟s important reaction to the race discrimination and the social issues. Handoyo shows in his
research that blacks as the oppressed minor people deserved to get equality in society. What Handoyo writes in his research is what the writer in this research
wants to discuss too. The writer wants to highlight Alice as the main character which shows various way of thinking that is different from the start in reacting
against the whites. What makes Handoyo research and this research different is the object of the study. The novel that both writers use is different.
Another study about Alice Nannu p‟s When The Pelican Laughed entitled
Aboriginal Women’s Narratives: Reclaiming Identities by Nadja Zierott. In her study, she says that Alice as Aborigine woman has a motive in writing her
biography. She wants to tell the unequal treatment toward her and her race. Alice wants to reclaim the stolen land, and freedom.
From woman like Nannup, it is a basic concern to narrate her lives and revive the past, not only to let others know about injustices, but to reclaim
stolen terrain 2005:101. This study also reviews about the unequal treatment towards The
Aborigine, seen in the main character, Alice Nannup. Nadja says in her study that Alice wants to reclaim stolen terrain. Alice wants to have a freedom. The writer in
this study also talks about the freedom that Alice wants to get by struggling towards the unfair treatment done by the whites.
The studies above are very helpful for the writer in making the analysis. Although they are different, they are very helpful for the writer. It gives the writer
idea and different interpretation about what the writers of the studies above have, and the writer of this study has.
B. Review of Related Theories
In this part, the writer reviews some theories which are going to be used in this study. It is very useful to review some relevant theories in order to give clear
understanding in analyzing the topic of the study. Those theories are theory of character and characterization, theory of racism, and theory of Postcolonial.
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
The first theory that the writer uses is theory of character and characterization. Since the writer analyzes the main character in the novel, so the
writer needs to find out the characterization of the main character. Character is the intrinsic element in the literary works. It is the person in
fiction who is an extended verbal representation of human being. Heshe has moral and dispositional qualities.
As the person presented in a dramatic or narrative work, endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they
say through the dialogue and what they do through the actions Abram, 1981:20.
In reading novel, drama, and other literature, the character will be the attention of the reader because the character performs the role which leads to the
conflict of a story. According to Rohrberger and Woods Jr., when studying character, be sure to consider physical descriptions and to relate the physical to
the mental 1987:120. The description can be related to the character that is studied, and what the character does. Robert Stanton stated in his book that
“through our knowledge of the characters, we understand their actions; through their actions, we understand t
he characters” 1965:18. After understanding the character, the writer needs to understand the
characterization. According to Mary Rohrberger and Samuel H. Woods Jr. in Reading and Writing about Literature
, characterization is the process of creating a character done by the author. The author may create his own character as much as
he likes. It can be a smart and brave boy, or a tomboyish and persistent girl. There are two means in describing the character. The direct means to describe physical
appearance, intellectual, moral attributes, and the degree of sensitivity of the character is the first principal way that an author uses to characterize. The second
is by using dramatic means and place of the character is by the way the character speaks and behaves 1971:20.
According to M. J. Murphy, there are nine ways an author use to make his characters understandable and come alive for his readers;
1. Personal description: Describing a person‟s appearance and clothes.
2. Character as seen by another: Describing a character indirectly through the
eyes and opinions of another character. 3.
Speech: Describing a character through what the person says. 4.
Past life: Describing a character by letting the reader learn something about a person‟s past life.
5. Conversation of others: Describing a character through the conversations
of other people about him. 6.
Reactions: Describing a character by letting the reader knows how that person reacts to various situations and events.
7. Direct comment: Describing a person‟s character directly.
8. Thoughts: Describing a character by giving the reader direct knowledge of
what a person thinks. 9.
Mannerism: Describing a person‟s mannerism and habits 1972:161-173
2. Theory of Racism
The second theory that the writer uses is the theory of racism. Racism in Western Australia in 19
th
century creates a separation between the blacks and the whites. In a book entitled Racism in America written by Harvey Sales, it is stated
that racism can operate on two levels; individual andor group and institutional. Individual racism is easy to eradicate, while institutional is very difficult to
eradicate. Racism happens because the superiority of the upper class towards the
lower class. The whites feel that they are superior, while the aborigines are inferior. The whites have money to pay for the slave, while the aborigines do not
have. It is one from some factors that caused the discrimination to happen. The main character in this novel is the representation of the aborigines discriminated.
She is the one who experience the discriminations done by the whites. The discriminations include being forced to work, to follow the white‟s religion, to
speak white‟s language, and to learn their history also. Robert Blaunner stated in his book, racism is caused by the differentiation of colors.
The division based upon colour is the single must important split between the society, the body politic, and the national psyche. Second, that values
proceses and practices of exclusion and subordination based upon colour are built into the major public institution, with the effect of maintaining
