Said explains that the colonized is an integral part of European material civilization and culture. Many writers, poets, novelists, philosophers, political
theorists, economists, and imperial administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995:87-88.
Postcolonial study is based on the „historical fact‟ of European colonialism and its diverse effects. It discusses about experience of various kinds: migration,
slavery, suppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender and place Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin, 1995:2.
The main character in the novel When The Pelican Laughed is experiencing migration, slavery, suppression, resistance, representation,
difference, race, gender and place. It is the effect of British colonialism to The Aborigines.
The characteristic of Postcolonial study in the novel When The Pelican Laughed
can be seen from the reaction of the aborigines who are discriminated. The aborigines do not fight back when they are treated unequal by the whites.
Alice does not fight back when she is treated unfairly. She is chased away when she is in the hall, seeing the white people dance; She is chased away at the lobby
of the hotel; After the church is over, the minister does not want shake hand with Alice, when Alice comes. Those are some example when Alice is treated unfairly
without any reason, but she does not fight back.
C. Theoretical Framework
The writer uses three theories to be the guideline in conducting this study. The first is theory of Character and Characterization, the second is theory of
Racism, and the third is theory of Postcolonial. Besides, the writer also uses some studies that have been conducted before, so that the writer can compare those
studies with this study. The studies that have been done before are the undergraduate thesis done
by the seniors. Those studies are needed by the writer in making the analysis because the writer wants to see the difference between those studies with this
study. It is good to see other‟s opinion in analyzing the novel and then compare those studies with this study.
To answer the first problem formulation that is how the main character in the novel is described, the writer uses theory of Character and Characterization.
Since the writer analyzes the main character in the novel, the writer needs to know the characteristics of the main character. Without understanding about this theory,
the writer will get difficulty in answering the first problem formulation. The theory of Character and Characterization gives the writer clear understanding of
the meaning of character and characterization and how to identify the character‟s characteristic or personality.
To answer the second and third problem formulation which is what the discriminations done by the whites which are showing their superiority and what
the effects of colonization towards the main character, both theory of Racism and theory of Postcolonial are applied.
The colonization that happens in the 19
th
in Western Australia creates a separation between two races, the black and the whites. It happens because one
raceculture feels more superior to other race. It is one cause of the discrimination and separation that happen in Abydos Station, Pilbara Region, Western Australia.
Theory of Racism is used since it gives clear understanding about the racism, and how the racism exists. By using this theory, the writer is able to see the elements
that make the racism exists seen from the life of the main character in the novel, while theory of Postcolonial stresses on the struggle of colonized people against
the colonizer. It is very suitable with the content of the novel in which the writer uses as the object of the study.
Those are some theories used by the writer in this research. Those theories are helpful for the writer in making the analysis because it gives better
understanding of the meaning of Character and Characterization, the meaning of Racism and Racial Discrimination, and also understanding the effects of
Colonialism and Postcolonialism.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object that the writer uses in this study is When The Pelican Laughed, written by Alice Nannup with Lauren Marsh and Stephen Kinnane, first published
in 1992 by Fremantle Arts Centre Press, and reprinted in 1993, 1996, 2000. The city of publication was in Western Australia. The genre of this novel is
biographical novel. It provides a fictional person‟s life. This novel tells the experiences of a person during hisher lifetime. This is a novel that consist the
biography of the writer itself. The writer tells her true story of her life. She is also helped by her two best friends in making the novel. This novel consists of four
parts. Part one is about Alice with her identity as Aborigine child Wari, as a young girl. It includes her story since 1911-1925. Part two is Alice Basset, a
young woman 1925-1932, part three is Alice Nannup Ngangka 1933-1965,
and the last part that is part four is Nan, a great grandmother 1968-1991.
This novel is about the personal life story of Alice Nannup, deeply informed by Alice‟s battling spirit and her particular voice. It is a story of learning
to be strong in who you are. Alice was born on a Pilbara station in 1911 of an Aboriginal mother and
European father. She is taken to the south at the age of twelve. She is being discriminated by the whites since she was child until she gives birth to her
children. After a full and eventful life, including many battles with the authority and raising ten children, she returns home sixty-
four years later “to make peace
