46
3.8 Methods of Analyzing Data
I did some methods for analyzing the data from the research. The first method was scoring the students’ writing works using Boardman and Frydenberg’s Essay
Evaluation 2002: 180. Then, I did the t-test to find out the significant difference between writing achievement of students who are taught writing narrative texts by
using video clips and those who are taught without using video clips as media.
3.8.1. Scoring System
To find out the students’ achievement in the pretest and posttest, the score of each student was counted individually by using Boardman and Frydenberg’s Essay
Evaluation 2002: 180. There are five major elements of writing which should be scored based on this essay evaluation.
I chose this type of evaluation because by using this type, I was able to make the evaluation on those five elements of writing in detail. Furthermore, I was able
to evaluate the students’ works and to give the reinforcement showing weaknesses and capitalizing on strength. In addition, it helped me to take the next steps to get
the better writing scores of the students. For each scoring category there is a description that encompasses several subsets. Scores in five major elements also
helped to call the writer’s attention to areas of needed improvement.
Table 3.3 Boardman and Frydenberg’s Essay Evaluation 2002: 180 SCORING ASPECTS
OF GOOD WRITING
Exceptional : 25-23
Very good : 22-20
Average : 19-17
Needs work : 16-0
ContentIdeas
• has excellent support • is interesting to read
• has unity and completeness • adheres to assignment parameters
Exceptional : 25-23
Organization
47
Very good : 22-20
Average : 19-17
Needs work : 16-0
• has introductory paragraph with clear introductory statement
• has body paragraph with good organization • has concluding paragraph
• has coherence and cohesion Exceptional :
25-23 Very good
: 22-20 Average :
19-17 Needs work
: 16-0
GrammarStructure
• demonstrates control of basic grammar e.g., tenses, verb forms, noun forms, preposition,
articles • shows sophistication of sentence structure
with complex and compound sentences Exceptional :
15-14 Very good
: 13-12 Average :
11-10 Needs work
: 9-0
Word ChoiceWord Form
• demonstrates sophisticated choice of vocabulary items
• has correct idiomatic use of vocabulary • has correct word forms
Exceptional : 10
Very good : 9-8
Average : 7-6
Needs work : 5-0
Mechanics
• has good paragraph format • demonstrates good control over use of
capital letters, periods, commas, and semicolons
• demonstrates control over spelling • does not have fragments, comma splices, or
run-on sentences The students’ score of writing test = content score + organization score +
grammar score + word choice score + mechanics score = 25 + 25 + 25 + 15 + 10 = 100.
While the average of the students’ score in both pretest and posttest was counted by using the formula below:
the total of the students’ score The average of the students’ score =
the total of the students
3.8.2. The t-Test
Kategori