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3.4.1 Experimental Research
Experimental research is a research which is used to investigate whether there is an effect of treatment that is treated to the subject of research. According to
Sugiyono 2009: 107, experimental research is “a research method which is used to find an effect of treatment toward the subject in controlled condition.”
Furthermore, Johnson 1991: 165 states that “in an experiment, the researcher’s goal is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two phenomena. The
researcher aims to establish that one variable, the independent variable, causes changes in another variable, the dependent variable.”
independent variable →affects → dependent variable
Furthermore, kind of experimental research that was used was quasi experimental design.
Quasi-experimental studies also examine outcomes; however, they do not involve randomly assigning participants to treatment and control
groups. A quasi-experimental study might compare outcomes for individuals receiving program activities with outcomes for a similar
group of individuals not receiving program activities. This type of study also might compare outcomes for one group of individuals
before and after the group’s involvement in a program known as “pre- testpost-test design”. Moore 2008: 1
Then, method of quasi experimental design that was used in this research was pretest posttest nonequivalent groups.
With this design, both a control group and an experimental group is compared, however, the groups are chosen and assigned out of
convenience rather than through randomization. This might be the method of choice for our study on work experience as it would be
difficult to choose students in a collage setting at random and place them in specific group and classes. We might ask students to
participate in a one-semester work experience program. We would then measure all of the students’ grades prior to the start of the
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program and then again after the program. Those students who participated would be our treatment group; those who did not would be
our control group. Hartoyo 2009: 32
The design of the pretest posttest nonequivalent groups could be described as the following:
EG O
1
X O
2
CG O
1
X O
2
Where, EG = Experimental Group
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