Related Study LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter deals with research methods which include type of research, data and source of the data, research instrument, data collecting technique, trustworthiness of the data, and data analysis. Each of which is presented as follows.

A. Research Types

The research employed descriptive qualitative approach by which descriptive data were gained. Bogdan and Biklen 1982: 39-48 state that qualitative approach is a research bringing about the descriptive data in the form of written or oral data from the subjects of the research being investigated. Meanwhile, Krathwohl 1993: 740 argues that qualitative research describes phenomena in words instead of numbers or measures. This research was qualitative in nature due to its data characteristics and descriptive analysis. The qualitative research was done to describe particular phenomena or situations analytically that become the focus of the research. This research was also supported by a quantitative analysis is which the researcher used numbers and percentages measuring the occurrences of the types of adjacency pairs, the preferences structures, and the function of responses in the conversations of Romeo and Juliet movie script. 37 In this research, the phenomena or situations under observation were the adjacency pairs of the utterances made by the characters in Romeo and Juliet movie. There were three objectives in this study, namely to find out the types of adjacency pairs done by the characters in the movie, to figure out preferences structure and to define the functions of responses.

B. Data and Source of Data

The data were taken from the script of Romeo and Juliet in the modern English script with the consideration that the modern script was much easier to understand and analyze. The difference between the original script and the modern one lied on the use simplicity of the style. The original script was rather difficult to understand, as in the following script: ROMEO: “And we mean well in going to this mask, But ’tis no wit to go”. The modern styles script was much easier to understand, like the following script: ROMEO: “We mean well by going to this masquerade ball, but it’s not smart of us to go”. The researcher decided to use modern script of Romeo and Juliet movie in the study because she thought that the movie script is easier to analyze since the conversations containing Adjacency pairs are already written there. It means the data in the form of written conversation. The data were in the forms expressions of adjacency pairs found in the conversations in the movie. Conversations in a movie are usually organized and managed by characters sharing the same ideas and information to each other. In the conversations, the participants arrange themselves in each part of the role of 38 communication, so that the data appear in the form of utterances made by one speaker as the response to the others.

C. Research Instruments

Since this research was qualitative, the main instrument of the research was the researcher itself; this is in line with what has been stated by Bogdan and Biklen 1982: 27. In this study, the researcher played the role as the designer, the data collector, the analyst, the data interpreter, and eventually the reporter of the research findings. In addition, data sheets served as secondary instruments to guide the process of identification and analysis. After all data had been identified, they were transcripted into data sheets to analyze.