The Collaborative Projects of IRE on the Governance and Policy Reform Issues

61 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n in March-July 2014, IRE was requested by Plan International Indonesia to train the capacity of Sub-district STBM team and Sanitation and Drinking Water Working Group Pokja AMPL in five districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The regions becoming the locations for capacity building included Sabu Raijua, Kupang, Ngada, Ende, and Manggarai. STBM Advocacy Training in Musrenbang Development Planning Meeting the District Development Planning aimed to provide a detailed understanding related to the imple- mentation process of Sub-district Musrenbang and the abil- ity to advocate and ensure STBM issues to be the result of Sub-district and District Musrenbang as priority issues. These activities were designed as a training not only to in- crease knowledge but also to improve skills and willingness to implement the policies, planning of programs activities, and budgeting. The Series of Activities In addition to classroom materials, the training was com- bined with visits and dialogues between Sub-district STBM team with Sub-district Musrenbang Committee. The goal was that the participants of the training could be familiar to each other and have discussions. This training was followed by the effort of overseeing in the SKPD forum. The strategy chosen was the FGD of SKPDs that became the working group of AMPL. In this forum, each SKPD was asked to present the draft of its work plan to look at how far the program of STBM had entered. Discussion and input were provided by IRE and the coordinator of the working group of AMPL. The FGD also agreed the agenda to strengthen the working group of AMPL. The Working Group was expected to be a knot that organized and consolidated cross SKPD programs related to drinking water and sanita- tion. 62 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n Terakhir adalah pelatihan advokasi dalam proses pengang- garan. Dalam pelatihan ini, selain unsur SKPD-SKPD anggota Pokja AMPL, diundang pula anggota DPRD yang berasal dari Komisi C. Hadirnya anggota dewan, memberikan kesempa- tan bagi para peserta untuk berdialog perihal pentingnya kesepahaman antara SKPD dengan DPRD guna mendorong penganggaran daerah yang pro STBM. Di akhir program Plan International Indonesia, IRE turut di- undang untuk mendiskusikan hasil evaluasi program. Pelajaran Berharga Beberapa hasil yang menggembirakan adalah adanya item anggaran STBM di sejumlah APBD kabupaten. Tentunya, ini adalah hasil kerja keras segenap Tim Plan. Namun setida- knya, substansi training terutama strategi advokasi dalam rangka melembagakan STBM dalam perencanaan daerah ki- ranya juga menjadi insight yang menjadi bekal advokasi. Rekomendasi Kegiatan ini menghasilkan rekomendasi berkaitan dengan advokasi kebijakan yang efektif. Pertama, elemen masyara- kat sipil seperti Plan Indonesia memang penting untuk membangun prototype program. Namun pada akhirnya yang memiliki mandat adalah pemerintah. Karena itu, program yang berplatform community development sekalipun pent- ing untuk melakukan advokasi kepada pemerintah agar program teranggarkan dan tereplikasi dalam kebijakan. Kedua, Program Plan Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa advo- kasi, terlebih di area sanitasi, memerlukan kapasitas untuk menghadirkan evidence agar pemangku kebijakan mengako- modasi substansi advokasi. Dalam program Plan Indonesia, ditunjukkan data-data kuantitatif tentang dampak penyakit ketika platform STBM belum atau tidak dijalankan sebagai dasar kegiatan dan pembanding atas output kegiatan. 63 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n The last was the advocacy training in the budgeting process. In this training, in addition to the SKPD members of AMPL, the members of DPRD Regional House of Representatives from Commission C were also invited. The presence of the members of Parliament provided an opportunity for par- ticipants to have a dialogue about the importance of under- standing between SKPD with DPRD in order to encourage pro STBM local budgeting. At the end of the Plan International Indonesia programs, IRE was invited to discuss the evaluation results of the programs. Lessons Learned Some encouraging results are the budget items of STBM in a number of the District APBD District Revenue and Expendi- ture Budget. Obviously, this is the result of hard work of the whole Plan team. However, at least, the substance of train- ing, especially advocacy strategy in order to institutionalize STBM in regional planning has become the provision for ad- vocacy. Recommendations These activities have resulted in recommendations related to effective policy advocacy. First, the element of civil soci- ety such as Plan Indonesia is important to build a prototype program. However, in the end, the government is the one that has the mandate. Therefore, it is even important for commu- nity development programs to do advocacy to the govern- ment so that the programs can be budgeted and replicated in policies. Second, the programs of Plan Indonesia shows that advocacy, especially in the area of sanitation, require the capacity to provide evidence so that the policy makers can accommodate the substance of advocacy. In the programs of Plan Indonesia, there are quantitative data on the impact of diseases when the platform of STBM has not been or is not executed as the basis of activities and comparison for the output of the activities. 64 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n 2. Kerjasama IRE dengan Pemdes Sendangadi untuk Pelatihan Peningkatan Kapasitas Pemdes Sendangadi Latar Belakang Pemerintah Desa Sendangadi sangat menyadari bahwa dalam rangka menyongsong UU Desa, desa harus segera berbenah, dan yang paling utama harus dilakukan adalah meningkat- kan kapasitas pemerintah desa, BPD, maupun lembaga ke- masyarakatan yang ada di desa, agar memiliki pengetahuan yang utuh tentang UU Desa serta memiliki keterampilan tek- nokratis yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka menjalankan tugas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Rangkaian Kegiatan Kegiatan pelatihan ini diselenggarakan selama 3 hari, dari tanggal 1-3 September 2014 bertempat di Joglo Winasis, Kantor IRE Yogyakarta, dengan menghadirkan 30 orang peserta yang berasal dari jajaran Pemerintahan Desa Send- angadi. Proses pelatihan ini lebih banyak memperkenalkan sub- stansi dari UU Desa beserta aturan-aturan turunannya, yaitu PP No. 43 Tahun 2014 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan UU Desa dan PP No. 60 Tahun 2014 tentang Dana Desa. Selain itu, dikenalkan pula materi-materi seperti sistem Pemerin- tahan Desa, Penguatan Kelembagaan Desa, Perencanaan dan Penganggaran Desa hingga Penatausahaan Keuangan Desa. Proses pelatihan berlangsung sangat dinamis, dimana ham- pir seluruh peserta terlibat secara aktif dalam proses diskusi dengan menyampaikan pendapat dan masukan, bertanya se- cara kritis, hingga melakukan latihan-latihan secara serius. 65 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n 2. The Cooperation between IRE and the Village Government of Sendangadi for the Capacity Building Training in the Village Government of Sendangadi Background The village government of Sendangadi realized that in order to welcome Village Law, villages should immediately be pre- pared, and the most important thing to do was the capac- ity building of the village government, BPD, and social insti- tutions in the village. It should be done to have the whole knowledge on Village Law and technocratic skills required in order to carry out the task of village governance. The Series of Activities This training was held for 3 days, on September 1 – 3, 2014 at Joglo Winasis, the Office of RE Yogyakarta, by presenting 30 participants who came from the Village Government of Sendangadi. This training process introduced more on the substance of Village Law and its derivative rules, namely PP No. 43 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of Village Law and PP No. 60 of 2014 on Village Funds. In addition, it also introduced ma- terials such as village government system, strengthening the institutionalization of village, Village Planning and Budget- ing, and the Financial Administration of village. The training process ran dynamically where almost all participants were actively involved in the process of discussion by expressing their opinions and inputs, asking critically, and doing the ex- ercises seriously. 66 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n Pelajaran Berharga Pelatihan ini dirasakan manfaatnya begitu besar oleh peser- ta, terbukti dari hasil evaluasi yang dilakukan di akhir sesi, ada banyak kesan positif yang disampaikan oleh peserta di- antaranya bertambahnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan, sehingga Pemerintah Desa merasa lebih percaya diri dan lebih siap dalam menjalankan amanat UU Desa. Rekomendasi Mempelajari dan mengimplementasikan substansi UU Desa memang tidak akan dapat dilakukan dalam waktu yang sing- kat. Pelatihan ini ke depannya perlu dikemas dalam silabus pelatihan yang lebih komprehensif sehingga pemahaman peserta bisa lebih sempurna. Selain itu, dibutuhkan pelatih yang memang tidak hanya menguasai teori saja tetapi pen- galaman praksis bekerja di desa sehingga bisa bertukar piki- ran dengan peserta pelatihan. 3. Kerjasama IRE dengan SHAW Latar Belakang Program STBM adalah aksi terpadu untuk menurunkan an- gka kejadian penyakit menular berbasis lingkungan diare dan meningkatkan perilaku higienis dan kualitas kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Para mitra SHAW telah bekerja di 9 kabupaten di 3 propinsi: NTT Plan Indonesia, CD-Bethesda dan Yayasan Dian Desa, NTB Yayasan Masyarakat Peduli dan Papua Rumsram. Kelima lembaga mitra SHAW melak- sanakan program STBM di kawasan Indonesia Timur pada tahun 2010-2014 melalui kolaborasi masyarakat sipil dan pemerintah, baik pusat, daerah, desa dalam melakukan pe- micuan, promosiedukasi, pendampingan teknis, advokasi, monitoring, evaluasi dan verifikasi. Program STBM akan terus berlangsung, meski SHAW akan 67 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n Lessons Learned The participants felt that the benefits were so big. t could be proven from the evaluation at the end of the session. There were many positive impression conveyed by the participants such as the increase in their knowledge and skills so that the village government felt more confident and better prepared to carry out the mandate of Village Law. Recommendations Studying and implementing the substance of Village Law will not be able to be done in a short time. This training in the fu- ture needs to be packaged in a more comprehensive training syllabus so that the participants can more perfectly under- stand. In addition, it needs a coach who not only masters the theory but also has praxis experience in working in a village so he or she can exchange ideas with the participants. 3. The Cooperation between IRE and SHAW Background The STBM programs were an integrated action to reduce the incidence of environment-based infectious disease diar- rhea and improve hygienic behavior and the quality of life of Indonesian people. The partners of SHAW had worked in 9 districts in three provinces: NTT Plan Indonesia, CD- Bethesda and Dian Desa Foundation, NTB Masyarakat Peduli Foundation , and Papua Rumsram . The five partners of SHAW implemented the STBM programs in eastern Indo- nesia in 2010-2014 through the collaboration of civil society and the government, both central, and village to trigger and conduct promotion education, technical assistance, advo- cacy, monitoring, evaluation and verification. STBM programs will still continue though SHAW ended its support for this program in June 2015. For that reason, 68 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n mengakhiri dukungan program ini pada Juni 2015. Karena itu diperlukan jaminan keberlanjutan program STBM yang akan dikelola oleh masyarakat dan pemerintah desa, ka- bupaten. Keberlanjutan program STBM ini memiliki pelu- ang yang besar seiring diimplementasikannya UU Desa. Pemerintah kabupaten diwajibkan untuk mendelegasikan kewenangan desa dan sebagian dana perimbangan yang di- perolehnya, sedangkan pemerintah desa berpeluang untuk menjadi desa yang berdaulat, mandiri dan demokratis dalam rangka mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat desa. Tantangan saat ini adalah integrasi program STBM ini dalam perencanaan daerah dan perencanaan desa di era pelaksa- naan UU Desa. Rangkaian Kegiatan Berdasarkan peluang dan tantangan yang ada ini, SHAW dan IRE Yogyakarta melakukan workshop bersama para mi- tra SHAW pada tanggal 9-11 Desember 2014 di Yogyakarta untuk mendalami pemahaman UU Desa sebagai peluang dan merefleksikan pengalaman mereka dalam menjalankan STBM sebagai tantangan. Workshop ini memiliki tujuan dan alur kegiatan; pertama, memperdalam pemahaman UU Desa secara komprehen- sif. Kedua, mengidentifikasi peluang dan tantangan untuk menjalankan programkegiatan STBM di era UU Desa. Dan ketiga, merumuskan peta jalan pengembangan program kegiatan STBM yang berbasis pada kemitraan kritis antara masyarakat sipil dan pemerintahan desa. Pada akhir workshop, kelima lembaga mitra SHAW menyu- sun perencanaan program dan didiskusikan secara men- dalam bersama fasilitator dari IRE melalui metode coaching clinic. Program yang dihasilkan menjadi action plan dalam pelembagaan program STBM yang dibawa dan direncanakan untuk dijalankan di wilayah kerja masing-masing lembaga. 69 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n the guarantee for the continuity of this program that will be managed by the community and the governments vil- lage and district is necessary. The continuity of the STBM programs has a great opportunity as the implementation of Village Law. District government is required to delegate the authority of village and part of the balance funds obtained, while village government is likely to be sovereign, indepen- dent, and democratic village in order to realize the welfare of village communities. The challenge now is the integration of the STBM programs in the local planning and village planning in the era of the implementation of Village Law. The Series of Activities Based on the opportunities and challenges, IRE Yogyakar- ta and SHAW conducted workshop with some partners of SHAW on September 9-11, 2014 in Yogyakarta to deepen un- derstanding of Village Law as an opportunity and reflection for their experience in implementing STBM as a challenge. This workshop had a purpose and flow of activities; the first was to deepen understanding of Village Law comprehensive- ly. The second was to identify opportunities and challenges to run the programs activities of STBM in the era of Village Law, and the third was to formulate a development roadmap of these programs activities based on the critical partner- ship between civil society and village government. At the end of the workshop, the five partner institutions of SHAW formulated the planning of the programs and dis- cussed in depth with the facilitators from IRE through coach- ing clinic method. The program resulted became into action plan in the institutionalization the STBM programs taken and planned to run in the work area of each institution. 70 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n Pelajaran Berharga Pelajaran berharga yang dapat diperoleh dari workshop ini, antara lain; • Pengetahuan dan pemahaman mitra SHAW tentang Desa beserta Peraturan Pemerintah terkait imple- mentasi UU Desa masih sangat minimal, terutama mereka yang berada di kawasan Indonesia timur. • Pemahaman lengkap tentang UU Desa memberikan kemudahan untuk menemukan solusi permasala- han di desa dan daerah, termasuk dalam konteks bagaimana mengintegrasikan kebijakan dan peluang advokasi STBM. • Materi yang diterima selama workshop tiga hari tersebut, dapat mempertajam proses perencanaan program dan implementasi STBM. Selain itu telah memberikan semangat dan motivasi peserta dalam bekerja mendorong keberlanjutan program STBM ke depan. Rekomendasi Dari kegiatan workshop selama tiga hari dan hasil-hasil pen- dalaman diskusi yang berlangsung selama kegiatan, bisa direkomendasikan beberapa langkah untuk pelembagaan urusan STBM di masing-masing daerah; Pertama, memas- tikan Pemda menetapkan STBM sebagai kewenangan desa melalui Peraturan Bupati oleh tim STBM kabupaten maupun mitra SHAW, sebagaimana diatur berdasarkan pasal 37 PP No 432014. Kedua, memastikan desa menetapkan STBM sebagai kewenangan desa setelah Perbup kewenangan desa ditetapkan, dan lembaga mitra SHAW mendampingi desa- desa untuk menyusun Perdes tentang kewenangan desa. Ketiga, mengawal perencanaan desa yang memuat STBM, baik melalui perencanaan jangka menengah mapun peren- 71 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n Lessons Learned The valuable lessons that can be learned from this workshop are as the followings; • The knowledge and understanding of the partners of SHAW on village and government regulations related to the implementation of Village Law was still very minimal, especially for those that are in eastern In- donesia. • The full understanding of Village Law has given easi- ness to find a solution for the problems in villages and regions, including in the context of how to inte- grate policies and advocacy opportunities of STBM. • The materials received during the three-day work- shop, could sharpen the process of program planning and the implementation of STBM. Besides, the mate- rials has given the spirit and motivation of the par- ticipants to support the sustainability of the STBM programs in the future. Recommendations From the three day workshop and the results of the deepen- ing of the discussions during the event, several steps can be recommended to institutionalize the STBM affairs in each re- gion; First, make sure that the local government sets STBM as the authority of the village through Regent Regulations, the STBM team of the district, and the partners of SHAW as stipulated by Article 37 of PP Government Regulation No. 432014. Second, make sure that the village sets STBM as the authority of the village after Regent Regulations on the authorities of the village are established, and the partner in- stitutions of SHAW assist the village to form the Village Regu- lation on the authorities of the Village. Third, oversee the vil- lage planning that includes STBM, through either medium- 72 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n canaan tahunan. Keempat, mengawal penganggaran desa dalam mengalokasikan anggaran STBM. Advokasi kebijakan di Indonesia tidak berhenti hanya di tingkat peraturan dan perencanaan. Advokasi terhadap suatu isu kebijakan harus dilakukan sejak peraturan, perencanaan, sampai pengangga- ran. Sehingga penting mengawal agar APBDesa benar-benar mengalokasikan programkegiatan STBM.

3.3. Klaster Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan

Masyarakat

3.3.1. Kegiatan Klaster Latar Belakang

Isu pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat tidak akan pernah kering diperbincangkan. Transformasi politik nasional dan daerah telah memungkinkan diskursus dan praktik pengembangan maupun pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan melalui berbagai pihak. Jika dulu pengembangan masyarakat dikendalikan serta didominasi dari jalur pemer- intah, sekarang upaya ini banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat sipil, swasta, perguruan tinggi dan pihak lain. IRE sebagai ba- gian dari masyarakat sipil Indonesia mengambil inisiatif dan terus memelihara upaya pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Sejauh ini yang ditempuh IRE melalui beragam kegiatan seperti; riset advokasi, pendampingan, pengorgan- isasian dan pengembangan kapasitas masyarakat di desa. Tahun 2014, IRE terus merawat klaster pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan berbagai kegiatan. Ada kegiatan yang bersifat merancang program riset advokasi, ada pula yang melayani kerja sama dengan pihak lain yang sedang memiiki program pengembangan dan pemberday- aan masyarakat. Kebetulan pada tahun 2014 ini merupakan masa persiapan pelaksanaan UU Desa. Sehingga beberapa 73 IR E AN N U AL R E P O R T 2 1 4 T h e D yn a m ic s o f T h e P ro g ra m a n d T h e A ct ivit ie s o f T h e In st it u tio n term planning or annual planning. Fourth, oversee village budgeting in allocating the budget of STBM. Policy advocacy in Indonesia does not stop only at the level of regulation and planning. Advocacy on a policy issue should be taken from regulatory, planning to budgeting. Thus, it is important to oversee that APBDes Village Revenue and Expenditure Bud- get can really allocate the programs activities of STBM.

3.3. Community Development and Empowerment

Cluster

3.3.1. The Activities of the Cluster Background

Issues on community development and empowerment will never end to discuss. National and regional political transfor- mation has enabled the discourse and practice of community development and empowerment to be done through a vari- ety of parties. If in the past, community development was controlled and dominated by the government, now these efforts are widely done by civil society, private sector, uni- versities, and other parties. IRE as part of Indonesian civil society takes the initiative and continues to keep the commu- nity development and empowerment efforts. IRE has so far conducted a variety of activities such as advocacy research, mentoring, organizing, and capacity building in village com- munities. In 2014, IRE continued to maintain community development and empowerment cluster with various activities. There were some activities such as designing advocacy research programs and serving the cooperation with other parties having community development and empowerment pro- grams. Fortunately, 2014 was the period of preparation for the implementation of Village Law. Therefore, some coopera- tion activities carried by this cluster were closely related to 74 IR E A NNU A L R EPO R T 2014 D in a m ik a P ro g ra m d a n K eg ia ta n K el em ba g a a n kegiatan kerja sama yang dijalankan klaster ini erat kaitan- nya dengan upaya meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat dan pemerintahan desa. Rangkaian Kegiatan Kegiatan Klaster CDE tahun meliputi finalisasi proposal dan serial diskusi bulanan. Dua ragam aktivitas ini mendapat dukungan dana KSI. Pertama, menyusun proposal bertema peran organisasi ber- basis komunitas dalam melaksanakan community develop- ment. Tema ini bersifat induktif karena ingin menggali prak- tik comdev dari pengalaman riil masyarakat. Penyusunan proposal telah melalui tahap review ahli. Banyak input dari diskusi yang dilakukan. Review tersebut didahului updating atas draft awal proposal. Pembaruan dilakukan melalui ob- servasi dan wawancara dengan para pelaku organisasi ber- basis komunitas. Kedua, menyelenggarakan seri diskusi bulanan dengan tema seputar pemberdayaan masyarakat. 1. Bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Obor, IRE mengundang Harry Poeze untuk meluncurkan bukunya yang berjudul “Tan Malaka, Gerakan Kiri, dan Revolusi Indonesia Jilid 4”. Tujuan dari diskusi tersebut adalah untuk memperkenalkan salah satu tokoh kunci perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia yang namanya sekarang ini “ditenggelamkan” oleh rezim yang tidak menyukai ideologi Tan Malaka. 2. Diskusi bulanan dengan tema “Bantuan Sosial; Antara Politik Praktis dan Politik Pemberdayaan” diadakan pada tanggal 16 April 2014. Narasumber diskusi kali ini adalah Bambang Wisnu Handoyo Kepala Dinas Pendapatan, Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah DPPKAD Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta,