IRE Yogyakarta | Annual Report 2014 : Arus Balik Politik Kewargaan
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ANNUAL
REPORT
2014
Arus Balik Politik Kewargaan
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ANNUAL REPORT 2014
Hak Cipta © Institute for Research and Empowerment
Pertama kali diterbitkan dalam Bahasa Indonesia & Bahasa Inggris oleh Penerbit IRE, Yogyakarta, 2014
Dengan dukungan Programme Knowledge Sector Initiative Institute for Research and Empowerment (IRE)
Jl. Palagan Tentara Pelajar Km. 9,5
Dusun Tegalarejo RT 01/ RW 09 Desa Sariharjo Phone: 0274-867686, 7482091
e-mail: office @ireyogya.org
website: www.ireyogya.org
Tim Penyunting: Nurma Fitrianingrum, Sunaji Zamroni, Titok Hariyanto Tim Penulis: Krisdyatmiko, Sunaji Zamroni, Sukasmanto, Titok Hariyanto,
Abdur Rozaki, M. Zainal Anwar, Ashari Cahyo Edi, Dina Mariana, Sg. Yulianto, Sunaryo Hadi Wibowo, Rika Sri Wardani, Ema Yulianti, Hesti Rinandari, dan Machmud NA
Reviewer: Dr. Suharko
Penerjemah: Ika Daru Retnowati Editor : Hendra Nainggolan Desain sampul/layout: Ipank Hakcipta dilindungi undang-undang
Dilarang mengutip atau memperbanyak sebagian atau seluruh isi buku tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit Perpustakaan Nasional: Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT)
Annual Report 2014,
Cet.1. Yogyakarta: IRE Yogyakarta, 2014 15 x 23 cm
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ANNUAL
REPORT
2014
Arus Balik Politik Kewargaan
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Daftar ISi
Kata Pengantar ...
VIII
Daftar Singkatan ...
XII
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...
2
BAB 2 MENYIAPKAN DESA ...
12
DI TAHUN POLITIK ...
12
BAB 3 DINAMIKA PROGRAM DAN ...
22
KEGIATAN KELEMBAGAAN ...
22
3.1.
Klaster Pendalaman Demokrasi ...
22
3.1.1. Rangkaian Kegiatan Kluster...
22
3.1.2. Kegiatan Kerja sama IRE dalam Isu Pendalaman
Demokrasi ...
30
1 Kerjasama IRE dengan CENTER for LEAD.
30
2. Kerja sama IRE dan Prorep USAID ...
36
3. Riset Komparasi Tatakelola
Think Tank
di Indonesia dan Amerika Latin ...
44
3.2.
Klaster Pembaharuan Tata Kelola
Pemerintahan dan Kebijakan ...
48
3.2.1. Kegiatan Klaster ...
50
3.2.2. Kegiatan Kerja Sama IRE dalam Isu
Pembaharuan Tata Kelola Pemerintahan
dan Kebijakan ...
58
1. Kerjasama IRE dengan Plan International
Indonesia ...
58
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Table of Contents
Preface ...
IX
List of Abbreviations ...
XIII
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...
3
CHAPTER 2 PREPARING VILLAGES ...
13
IN THE YEAR OF POLITICS ...
13
CHAPTER 3 THE DYNAMICS OF THE
PROGRAMS AND THE ACTIVITIES OF
THE INSTITUTION ...
23
3.1
Deepening Democracy Cluster ...
23
3.1.1. The Activities of the Cluster ...
23
3.1.2. The Collaborative Projects of IRE on the
Deepening Democracy Issues ...
31
1. The Cooperation between IRE and
CENTER for LEAD ...
31
2. The Cooperation between IRE and
Prorep USAID ...
37
3. Comparative Research on the
Think Tank
Governance in Indonesia and Latin America
45
3.2.
Governance and Policy Reform Cluster ...
49
3.2.1. The Activities of the Cluster ...
51
3.2.2. The Collaborative Projects of IRE on the
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2. Kerjasama IRE dengan Pemdes
Sendangadi untuk Pelatihan Peningkatan
Kapasitas Pede Sendangadi ...
64
3. Kerjasama IRE dengan SHAW ...
67
3.3.
Klaster Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan
Masyarakat ...
72
3.3.1. Kegiatan Klaster ...
72
3.3.2. Kegiatan Kerja sama IRE dalam isu
Community Development and Empowerment ...
80
1. Kerja sama IRE dengan SKK Migas ...
80
2. Kerja sama IRE dengan PT Total E&P
Indonessia ...
86
3. Kerjasama IRE dengan Knowledge
Sector Inisiative (KSI) ...
90
3.4
Publikasi dan Komunikasi ...
94
a. Perpustakaan ...
102
b. Magang dan Volunteer ...
104
c. Hibah Buku ...
108
BAB 4 FORUM MITRA IRE ...
118
BAB 5 PENUTUP ...
126
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1. The Cooperation between IRE and Plan
International Indonesia ...
59
2. The Cooperation between IRE and the Village
Government of Sendangadi for the Capacity
Building Training in the Village Government
of Sendangadi ...
65
3. The Cooperation between IRE and SHAW .
67
3.3.
Community Development and Empowerment
Cluster
3.3.1. The Activities of the Cluster
3.3.2
The Collaborative Projects of IRE on
the Community Development and
Empowerment Issues ...
81
1. The Cooperation between IRE and
SKK Migas (Oil and Gas Upstream
Business Executive Unit) ...
81
2. The Cooperation between IRE and
PT Total E&P Indonessia ...
87
3. The Cooperation between IRE and
Knowledge Sector Inisiative (KSI) ...
91
3.4.
Publication and Communication ...
95
a. Library ...
103
b. Internship and Volunteer ...
105
c. Grant of Books ...
109
CHAPTER 4 A FORUM FOR THE PARTNERS OF IRE
119
CHAPTER 5 CLOSING ...
127
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Kata Pengantar
Krisdyatmiko, M.Si
Direktur Eksekutif
Tahun 2014 ini IRE telah memasuki dua dasa-warsa sebagai bagian dari organisasi masya-rakat sipil yang turut berkontribusi dalam mendorong pengelolaan negara yang demo-kratis yang dilandasi partisipasi aktif warga. Berbagai penelitian, pengorganisasian warga, dan advokasi kebijakan telah dilakukan dalam bingkai tiga klaster yang menjadi fokus kajian:
developing democracy, policy and governance reform, serta community development and empowerment.
Tahun 2014 juga merupakan tahun politik yang ditandai dengan transisi pemerintahan lama yang dipimpin SBY ke pemerintahan baru yang dipimpin Jokowi. Kemenangan Jokowi yang didukung oleh berbagai kelom-pok organisasi masyarakat sipil yang terga-bung dalam relawan Jokowi, membawa
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Preface
Krisdyatmiko, M.Si
In 2014, it had already been two decades for IRE as part of the civil society organizations contributing to encourage democratic state management based on the active participation of citizens. IRE had conducted various studies, organizing citizens, and policy advocacy in the frame of the three clusters to focus on the studies, namely; developing democracy, policy and governance reform, and community de-velopment and empowerment.
It was also as a political year, marked by the transition from SBY to Jokowi’s administration. The victory of Jokowi supported by various civil society groups joining in the volunteer group of Jokowi, bringing a new spirit in rea lizing more responsive, inclusive and account -able governance for achieving the wel fare of citizens. It was also a transition year of Executive Director
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ngat baru dalam mewujudkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang lebih responsif, inklusif dan akuntabel bagi pencapaian kesejah-teraan warga negara. Tahun ini pula merupakan masa transisi pelaksanaan UU No. 6 Tahun 2014, payung regulasi nasional yang telah bertahun-tahun diperjuangkan IRE untuk mewujudkan desa yang demokratis,mandiri dan sejahtera.
Apa yang menjadi strategi IRE tetap eksis selama 20 tahun ini?
Pertama, terus-menerus mengembangkan pengetahuan yang didukung oleh regerenerasi staf yang senantiasa ditingkatkan kapasitasnya, baik melalui pendidikan formal maupun berbagai forum yang dinisiasi para mitra strategis. Knowledge is power, pengetahuan yang terus diperdalam dan diperkaya menjadi energi yang mendukung substansi maupun operasional lembaga. Kedua, strategi kemitraan kritis membuka peluang untuk bekerjasama dengan berbagai pihak dengan tetap menjaga idealisme untuk membela kepentingan masyarakat sipil. Strategi ini pula yang memperlancar upaya mengaitkan hasil penelitian IRE dengan agenda perumusan kebijakan sehingga berbagai bentuk kebijakan yang dihasilkan dilandasi pada potensi dan kebutuhan warga yang dipetakan melalui penelitian (evidence based policy).
Annual Report 2014 ini memaparkan beraneka ragam aktivitas dan refleksi )RE selama satu tahun dengan mengambil tema yang selaras dengan tahun politik “Arus Balik Politik Kewargaan”. Maraknya gerakan masyarakat sipil di tahun ini untuk semakin aktif dalam proses penyelenggaraan negara merupakan pembelajaran yang harus dirawat dan dikembangkan secara berkelanjutan. Warga negara yang aktif ditandai keterlibatan produktif dengan negara, penghormatan warga pada negara dan sebaliknya terjadi penghormatan negara terhadap warga, hingga pada akhirnya menghasilkan negara yang demokratis dan legitimated di hadapan warganya.
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implementation of the Law No. 6/2014, a national umbrella regulation IRE had fought for years to realize democratic, independent and prosperous villages.
What kind of strategies did IRE apply to assure its existence for 20 years? First, IRE continually developed the knowledge supported by regeneration of staff whose capacity was constantly improved, either through formal education and various forums initiated by strategic partners. Knowledge is power, the knowledge constantly deepened and enriched will become an energy supporting the substance and works of this institution. Second, the critical partnership strategy opened up opportunities for cooperations with various parties while maintaining the ideals to defend the interests of civil society. This strategy was also streamlining the efforts of associating the research results of IRE with the policy formulation so that the various forms of policy generated based on the potential and needs of the citizens that were mapped through research (evidence based policy).
This Annual Report 2014 describes the wide range of activities and reflection of )RE for a year with a theme consistent to the political year “A Turning Point of the Politics of Citizenship”. The rise of the civil society movements today, more active in the process of implementing the government denotes a lesson learned to maintain and develop in a sustainable manner. Active citizens are characterized with a productive engagement with the state, a respect of the citizens to the state and vice verse, the state respects to the citizens, and eventually it will produce a democratic and legitimated state before its citizens.
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Daftar Singkatan
ADD : Alokasi Dana Desa
APBDesa : Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Desa
Bappeda : Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah BBM : Bahan Bakar Minyak BCA : Bank Central Asia
BPD : Badan Permusyawaratan Desa
CADEP :Colegio Adventista Del Este Paraguayo
Capres : Calon Presiden Cawapres : Calon Wakil Presiden
CDE :Community Development and Empowerment
CSIS :Centre for Strategic and International Studies
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List of Abbreviations
ADD : Village Allocation Funds APBDesa : Village Revenue and
Expenditure Budget
Bappeda : Local Development Planning Agency
BBM : Petrol
BCA : Bank Central Asia
BPD : Village Consultative Council CADEP :Colegio Adventista Del Este
Paraguayo
Capres : Presidential Candidate Cawapres : Vice Presidential Candidate CDE :Community Development and
Empowerment
CSIS :Centre for Strategic and International Studies
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CSO :Civil Society Organization
CSR :Corporate Social Responsibility
DAK : Dana Alokasi Khusus DAU : Dana Alokasi Umum DBH : Dana Bagi Hasil
DFAT :Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Ditjen : Direktorat Jenderal
DIY : Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
DPPKAD : Dinas Pendapatan Pegelolaan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah
DPR RI : Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia DPRD : Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah
FISIPOL : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik FORMAIS : Forum Masyarakat untuk Keistimewaan
Yogyakarta
FPPD : Forum Pengembangan Pembaharuan Desa ICW :Indonesian Corruption Watch
ILO :International Labour Organization
IRE :Institute for Research and Empowerment
KKKS : Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama KPK : Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi KSI :Knowledge Sector Initiative
KTM : Kartu Tanda Mahasiswa KTP : Kartu Tanda Penduduk KY : Komisi Yudisial
Lakspesdam : Lembaga Kajian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia
LPEM : Lembaga Penyelidikan Ekonomi Masyarakat Lesbumi : Lembaga Seniman Budayawan Muslimin Indonesia
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CSO :Civil Society Organization
CSR :Corporate Social Responsibility
DAK : Special Allocation Fund DAU : General Allocation Fund DBH : Revenue Sharing Fund
DFAT :Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Ditjen : Directorate General
DIY : Special Region of Yogyakarta
DPPKAD : Revenue, Fiscal, and Asset Management Agency DPR RI : House of Representatives of the Republic of
Indonesia
DPRD : Regional House of Representatives FISIPOL : Faculty of Social and Political Science
FORMAIS : Community Forum for the Privilege of Yogyakarta FPPD : Forum for Village Development and Reform ICW :Indonesian Corruption Watch
ILO :International Labour Organization
IRE :Institute for Research and Empowerment
KKKS : Contractor of Cooperation Contract KPK : Corruption Eradication Commission KSI :Knowledge Sector Initiative
KTM : Student Identity Card KTP : Identity Card
KY : Judicial Commission
Lakspesdam : Institute for Research and Human Resource Development
LPEM : Institute for the Investigation on Public Economics Lesbumi : Institute for Moslem Artists and Cultural Experts of
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LKiS : Lembaga Kajian Islam dan Sosial
LPMD : Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa MD3 : Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan
Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah
MK : Mahkamah Konstitusi MSF :Multi Stakeholders Forum
Musdes : Musyawarah Desa
Musrenbang : Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan NGO :Non Governmental Organization
NTB : Nusa Tenggara Barat NTT : Nusa Tenggara Timur NU : Nahdlatul Ulama
OMS : Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil Parpol : Partai Politik
PDT : Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal Pemda : Pemerintah Daerah
Pemilu : Pemilihan Umum Perbup : Peraturan Bupati Perdes : Peraturan Desa
Permendagri : Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Perpres : Peraturan Presiden
PKL : Praktek Kerja Lapangan PKN : Praktek Kerja Nyata
PMD : Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa
PNPM : Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pokja AMPL : Kelompok Kerja Air Minum dan Penyehatan
Lingkungan
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LKiS : Institute for Islamic and Social Study LPMD : Institute for the Empowerment of Rural
Community
MD3 : People’s Consultative Assembly, House of
Representatives, Regional Representative Council, and Regional House of Representatives
MK : Constitutional Court MSF :Multi Stakeholders Forum
Musdes : Village Meeting
Musrenbang : Development Planning Meeting NGO :Non Governmental Organization
NTB : Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara) NTT : Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara) NU : Nahdlatul Ulama
OMS : Civil Society Organization Parpol : Political Party
PDT : The Development of Disadvantaged Regions Pemda : Local Government
Pemilu : General Election Perbup : Regent Regulation Perdes : Village Regulation
Permendagri : The Regulation of the Ministry of Home Affairs Perpres : Presidential Regulation
PKL : Field Internship PKN : Internship
PMD : Community and Village Empowerment
PNPM : National Program for Community Empowerment Pokja AMPL : Sanitation and Drinking Water Working Group PP : Government Regulation
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PRN :Policy Research Network
Prolegnas : Program Legislasi Nasional Prorep : Program Representasi
PSPK : Pusat Studi Pedesaan dan Kawasan Puskapol : Pusat Kajian Politik
PWD :Power Welfare and Democracy
RKPDesa : Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Desa
RPJM Desa : Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Desa RPP : Rencana Peraturan Pemerintah
RUU : Rancangan Undang-Undang
SHAW :The Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Programme
SKK Migas : Satuan Kerja Khusus Pelaksana Kegiatan Usaha Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi
SKPD : Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah STBM : Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat STPN : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanahan Negara TAF :The Asia Foundation
TII :The Indonesian Institute
TTS : Timor Tengah Selatan TTU : Timor Tengah Utara UGM : Universitas Gadjah Mada UI : Universitas Indonesia UIN : Universitas Islam Negeri
UN Habibat : United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UU : Undang-Undang
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PRN :Policy Research Network
Prolegnas : National Legislation Program Prorep : Representation Program
PSPK : The Center of Village and Area Studies Puskapol : The Center of Political Studies
PWD :Power Welfare and Democracy
RKPDesa : Village Development Work Plan
RPJM Desa : Village Medium Term Development Plan RPP : Government Regulation Bill
RUU : Bill
SHAW :The Sanitation, Hygiene and Water Programme
SKK Migas : Oil and Gas Upstream Business Executive Unit SKPD : Local Government Unit of Work
STBM : People-Based Total Sanitation STPN : School of State Land Affairs TAF :The Asia Foundation
TII :The Indonesian Institute
TTS : Timor Tengah Selatan (South Timor Tengah) TTU : Timor Tengah Utara (North Timor Tengah) UGM : Gadjah Mada University
UI : University of Indonesia UIN : Islamic State University
UN Habibat : United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UU : Law
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Bab Chapter
Pendahuluan
Konteks
Republik Indonesia merupakan negara yang dikelola dengan berlandaskan nilai-nilai demokrasi. Republik adalah bentuk pe me-rintahan yang menempatkan publik sebagai pemegang mandat tertinggi, sehingga demo-krasi secara substansial dapat terwujud dalam wadah republik. Model demokrasi per-wakilan yang diterapkan di Indonesia men-syaratkan keberadaan parlemen, pemi sahan kekuasaan legislatif dan eksekutif, serta ele-men civil society yang aktif mengontrol pe-nyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Partai politik dan pemilu merupakan instrumen penting bagi bekerjanya sistem demokrasi di era post-authoritarianism Orde Baru.
Namun dalam penerapannya di era refor-masi ini, demokrasi yang diidealkan (subs-tansial) mengalami dinamika yang justru menggerogoti esensi dari demokrasi itu sendiri. Demokrasi terjebak dalam makna pro-sedural (formalitas) semata sebagai paham
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Introduction
Context
The republic of Indonesia is a country that is run on the basis of democratic values. Republic is a form of government that puts the public as the highest element that holds the mandates, so substantive democracy can be realized in the form of republic. The model of representative democracy implemented in Indonesia requires the existence of parliament, the separation of legislative and executive powers, as well as the element of civil society that actively controls the governance. Political parties and elections are important instruments for the successful implementation of the democratic system in the post-authoritarianism of New Order era. However, in its application in this reformation era, democracy idealized (substantive) to experience the dynamics unfortunately under -mined the essence of democracy itself. Demo-cracy was stuck merely in a procedural sense
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pembenaran terhadap kontestasi politik individual alih-alih sebagai sarana bagi upaya menyejahterakan publik. Partai-partai politik sebagai instrument penting dalam sistem demokrasi mengalami disfungsi sebagai ruang pendidikan politik bagi warganegara ataupun sebagai sarana penyaluran aspirasi. Partai politik yang ada tak lain hanya sekedar sebagai kendaraan bagi ambisi politik elitisme.
Sementara di sisi lain, meskipun pemilu telah dilakukan secara rutin, namun akibat absennya pendidikan politik yang seharusnya menjadi kewajiban partai-partai politik, maka praktek money politik
pada saat dilakukannya pemilu selalu terjadi. Politik uang berperan besar dalam mengarahkan pilihan politik para pemilih.
Kondisi ini pada akhirnya bermuara pada penyelenggaraan peme-rintahan yang buruk. Ditandai dengan korupsi yang merajalela di segala lapisan pemerintahan, konflik antar elit politik, serta ketidakmampuan dalam memberi pelayanan publik secara optimal. Dinamika demokrasi di era reformasi yang dipenuhi berbagai bentuk penyelewengan ini pada akhirnya menenggelamkan optimisme masyarakat akan sistem demokrasi itu sendiri.
Arus Balik
Akan tetapi, pesimisme terhadap perkembangan demokrasi di )ndonesia mengalami perubahan signifikan pada tahun . Ada dua momentum penting sebagai penanda titik balik tersebut. Yang pertama adalah pada saat berlangsungnya proses Pemilihan Presiden (pilpres). Sedangkan titik balik yang kedua adalah saat disahkannya UU No. 6/2014 tentang Desa oleh pemerintah.
Pada saat pemilu dilaksanakan, tradisi lama dalam bentuk prak-tek money politic masih mewarnai Pemilihan Legislatif untuk mengarahkan partisipan. Bahkan semakin massif dan terang-terangan dibanding ketika pemilu-pemilu pada periode sebelumnya. Namun dalam rentang waktu yang tidak terlalu lama setelah pileg, yakni pada pilpres tahun 2014, perubahan politik ditandai dengan fenomena partisipasi yang berseberangan secara kontras dengan
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political contestation rather than as a means for the efforts towards the welfare of the public. Political parties as an important instrument in the democratic system became a dysfunction space for political education for the people and medium for the channel of aspiration. The existing political parties were nothing but merely as a vehicle for the political ambitions of elitism.
On the other hand, although the election had been conducted regularly, due to the absence of political education that should be the obligation of political parties, the practice of money politics during elections was always to be the case. Money politics played a major role in directing the political choice of the voters.
This condition eventually led to poor governance marked by rampant corruption at all levels of government, conflicts among political elites, and inability to provide public services optimally. The dynamics of demo cracy in the reformation era filled with various forms of deviation would ultimately drown the optimism of the public towards the democracy itself.
Turning Point
However, the pessimism towards the development of democracy in )ndonesia experienced significant changes in . There are two important momentums as the markers of the turning point. The first turning point is the Presidential election process, and the second turning point is the enactment of Law No. 6/2014 on village by the government.
By the time the election was held, long-standing tradition in the form of the practice of money politics still characterized the Legislative Elections in order to direct participants. It was even more massive and blatant than the previous period of elections. However, not long after the Legislative Elections, in the presidential election in 2014, the political change was marked by the opposite phenomenon of participation which was in contrast with the condition in the Legislative Elections. At the time of the presidential election, many volunteers, both individuals and groups, that supported the second
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kondisi saat Pileg. Pada saat Pilpres, banyak bermunculan relawan-relawan, baik secara individu maupun kelompok, yang mendukung pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden nomor 2, yakni pasangan Joko Widodo – Jusuf Kalla. Para relawan tersebut bekerja bukan untuk memperoleh uang atau imbalan lainnya, melainkan untuk memperjuangkan pasangan Jokowi-JK yang mereka yakini akan mampu membawa perubahan lebih baik dalam penyelenggaraan negara.
Kerelawanan sesungguhnya bukan hal baru di Indonesia. Para aktivis organisasi masyarakat sipil telah lama melakukannya dalam aktivitas sosial seperti ketika memfasilitasi pengembangan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat, atau ketika melakukan aksi cepat tang-gap saat terjadi bencana alam. Akan tetapi relawan politik, seperti yang terjadi di Pilpres 2014, merupakan fenomena yang relatif baru di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian Demos (2015) terhadap dua kelompok relawan calon pasangan Jokowi-JK, yaitu Projo dan Seknas Jokowi, menunjukkan bahwa gerakan yang mereka lakukan merupakan gerakan relawan yang murni berasal dari masyarakat sipil, bukan bagian dari setting agenda parpol pengusung calon.
Munculnya relawan politik menjadi bukti menguatnya partisipasi politik warganegara. Fenomena ini selaras dengan perspektif re-publi kanisme yang memandang individu sebagai pelaku aktif yang mendorong perubahan yang bermanfaat secara kolektif. Kolektivitas dalam bingkai demokrasi terletak pada seluruh warga, bukan pada kepentingan kelompok-kelompok tertentu yang merugikan kelompok lain. Fenomena ini perlu dirawat dan dikembangkan untuk mendorong keberadaan active-citizenship dan masyarakat sipil yang dinamis sehingga akan menghasilkan negara yang kokoh danlegitimate.
Titik balik kedua adalah implementasi UU No. 6/2014 tentang Desa. UU Desa merupakan produk hukum yang dibuat untuk memicu perubahan struktural desa-desa di Indonesia. Dengan regulasi baru ini, desa kini berdiri sebagai subjek pembangunan yang otonom. UU Desa adalah arah baru dalam usaha pengentasan masalah kemiskinan di desa sekaligus menjadikannya sebagai basis bagi pembangunan
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candidate for president and vice president, Joko Widodo - Jusuf Kalla, emerged. The volunteers did not worked to earn money or other benefits but to fight for Jokowi-JK that they believed would be able to bring the governance of the state towards a better change. Voluntarism is actually not a new thing in Indonesia. The activists of civil society organizations have long been involving in social activities such as facilitating the development and empowerment of a society or a fast action response during natural disasters. Nevertheless, volunteers in politics as what happened in the 2014 presidential election is a relatively new phenomenon in Indonesia. The result from the research conducted by Demos (2015) on two groups of volunteers for Jokowi-JK, Projo and Seknas Jokowi, shows that the movement they did was a purely voluntary movement coming from the civil society, not part of the agenda set by the political parties of the candidates.
The emergence of political volunteers becomes the evidence that the political participation of citizens is stronger. This phenomenon is in line with republicanism perspective that sees individuals as active actors that encourage collectively beneficial changes. Collectivity in the frame of democracy lies in all people, not in the interests of certain groups that harm other groups. This phenomenon needs to be maintained and developed to encourage active-citizenship and dynamic civil society that will lead to a strong and legitimate state. The second turning point is the implementation of Law No. 6/2014 on village. Village Law is a legal product made to trigger structural changes of villages in Indonesia. With this new regulation, villages now stand as an autonomous subject of development. Village Law is a new direction in an attempt to alleviate the problem of poverty in villages and at the same time, make them as the basis for national development. In addition, Village Law will also accelerate local democracy as the basis for the practice of substantive democracy. Local democracy has provided wider room for the aspirations of a community as demonstrated by the appearance of volunteers in the presidential election in 2014.
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nasional. Selain itu UU Desa juga akan mengakselarasi demokrasi lokal sebagai basis bagi praktek demokrasi substansial. Demokrasi lokal memberi ruang bagi aspirasi yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat seperti yang diperlihatkan oleh kemunculan para relawan dalam pilpres 2014
Namun pada kenyatannya, penerapan UU Desa terkendala oleh banyak hal. Pertama, kesewenang-wenangan pemerintah dalam menetapkan paket peraturan pelaksanaan UU Desa, yaitu lewat PP No. 43/2014 dan PP No. 60/2014. Pengesahan kedua PP tersebut telah menimbulkan ketidakjelasan hubungan antara Pemerintah Desa dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten dalam hal sinergitas peren-canaan pembangunan. Kedua, minimnya sosialisasi UU tersebut kepada institusi pemerintah desa sebagai pihak pelaksana. Ketiga, pudarnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap semangat otonomi desa. Keempat, perbenturan dengan regulasi lain yang kemudian menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan. Contohnya dengan UU Otonomi Daerah, yang kemudian memicu sengketa hak pengelolaan desa antara Kementerian Dalam Negeri dengan Kementerian Desa. Atau juga perbenturannya dengan UU Keistimewaan Jogja tentang hak Kesultanan Jogja atas klaim penguasaan tanah yang berstatus
Sultanate-Ground.
Di tengah lambatnya proses penerapannya oleh pemerintah pusat dan daerah, serta kebingungan para jajaran aparat desa terhadapnya, mungkin harus menjadi catatan penting bahwa kehadiran UU Desa bertujuan sebagai salah satu instrument penting bagi pembangunan kesejahteraan negara. Implementasi regulasi ini seharusnya menjadi sebuah kebutuhan mendesak bagi pemerintah pusat mengingat luas jangkauan dari efek penerapan UU tersebut.
Tujuan
Penulisan annual report tahun 2014 ini bertujuan untuk menyam-paikan refleksi perjalanan )RE dalam beberapa hal, yaitu:
1. Mengabarkan respon IRE atas dinamika kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang berlangsung pada tahun 2014
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However, in fact, the implementation of Village Law has been constrained by many things. The first is the arbitrariness of the government in establishing the package of the Village Law implementation through PP 43/2014 and PP 60/2014. The ratification the PP Government Regulation has caused unclear relation between village governments with their district government in terms of development planning synergy. The second is the lack of socialization about the Law to village government institutions as the executor. The third is public understanding on the spirit of village autonomy has faded away. The fourth is the clash with other regulations which has led to the overlapping of authority, for example with the Law of Regional Autonomy which then has triggered the dispute of village management rights between the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Village or with the Law of the Privilege of Jogja on the Sultanate rights over the claim of land ownership status-
Sultanate Ground.
In the middle of the slow process of the implementation by both central and local governments and the confusion in village officials, there should be an important note that the presence of Village Law aims as one important instrument for the development of the welfare of the state. The implementation of this Law should be an urgent need for the central government, considering the broad scope of the implementation effects of the Law.
Objectives
This annual report is intended to deliver the reflection of )RE s journey in several ways, namely:
1. Reporting the responses of IRE towards the dynamics of the na-tion and state during 2014
. Delivering the financial management accountability of )RE in 2014
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2. Menyampaikan pertanggungjawaban pengelolaan keuangan IRE pada tahun 2014
Alur Penulisan
Alur yang ditempuh dalam penulisan annual report tahun 2014 ini diawali Bab 1 yang menggambarkan peristiwa munculnya arus balik politik kewargaan dalam proses demokrasi elektoral di Indonesia. Bahwa salah satu bentuk arus balik adalah kemunculan peluang demokrasi lokal di desa melalui UU No 6/2014 tentang Desa, maka uraian pada bab 2 menggambarkan peran IRE dalam menyiapkan desa untuk menapaki jalan demokrasi lokal. Tidak hanya me-nyiapkan desa dalam implementasi UU Desa, IRE pada tahun 2014 juga merespon dinamika kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, sebagaimana diuraikan pada Bab 3. Peran dan kontribusi IRE ini pun selayaknya mendapatkan respon dari stakeholders. Karena itu Bab 4 memberikan ruang testimoni para mitra IRE atas kesan dan pesan mereka. Pada bab 5 annual report ini menjadi ruang penutup seluruh rangkaian penulisan yang berisi catatan akhir berupa pembelajaran yang dapat ditarik atas peran IRE selama tahun 2014.
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Writing Organization
The organization of this 2014 annual report begins with Chapter 1 that depicts the emergence of the turning point of the politics of citizenship in the process of electoral democracy in Indonesia. Since one form of the turning points is the opportunity for local democracy in villages through Law No. 6/2014 on village, the description in Chapter 2 describes the roles of IRE in preparing the villages to conduct local democracy. In 2014, IRE not only prepared the implementation of Village Law but also responded the dynamics of the nation and state as described in Chapter 3. The roles and contributions of IRE should also get a response from the stakeholders. Therefore, Chapter 4 provides a space for IRE’s partners to give testimonies on their impressions and feedbacks. Chapter 5 of this annual report becomes the closing of the report containing the concluding remarks in the form of lessons that can be generated from the roles of IRE in 2014.
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Bab Chapter
MENYIAPKAN DESA
DI TAHUN POLITIK
Konteks
Di penghujung bulan Juli 2014, Bappeda Kabupaten Gunungkidul menyelengarakan acara kupas tuntas UU Desa. Ruangan di lantai dua gedung Bappeda dipenuhi para pejabat SKPD dan stakeholders yang diundang untuk mendiskusikan regulasi baru tersebut. Hari itu peneliti IRE Yogyakarta diminta mema-parkan pokok-pokok pemikiran UU Desa dan tantangan yang dihadapi daerah seperti Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Dalam sesi diskusi diketahui bahwa pasca pengundangan UU Desa pada 15 Januari 2014 dan diterbitkannya PP No. 43/2014 tentang Pelaksanaan UU Desa, Pemda Gunungkidul sudah bersiap menyesuaikan beberapa regulasi daerah untuk menjadi pedoman tek nis bagi desa. Saat itu adalah masa transisi pergantian
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PREPARING VILLAGES
IN THE YEAR OF POLITICS
Context
At the end of July 2014, Bappeda (Local Development Planning Agency) of Gunung Kidul organized an event called kupas tuntas
UU Desa (Deep Analysis of Village Law). The room on the second floor of the Bappeda building was full of the officials from the SKPD (Local Government Unit of Work) and stakeholders invited to discuss the new regulation. On that day, the researchers of IRE Yogyakarta were asked to expose the main points of Village Law and challenges faced a region such as Gunung Kidul District. In the discussion session, it was revealed that after the promulgation of Village Law on January 15, 2014 and the issuance of PP No. 43/2014 on the Implementation of Village Law, Pemda (Local Government) of Gunung Kidul had
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pemerintahan pusat, sehingga diskusi yang dilakukan hanya sebatas
shopping ideas untuk pelaksanaan UU Desa. Forum diskusi ditutup dengan mencatat beberapa aspek penting dalam rangka persiapan pelaksanaan UU tersebut, seperti menyiapkan Raperda tentang Desa, merevisi Perda pengisian, pelantikan dan pemberhentian Kepala Desa serta Perangkat Desa, revisi Peraturan Bupati (Perbup) tentang Keuangan Desa, menyusun Perbup tentang Kewenangan Desa dan menyesuaikan seperangkat regulasi teknis lainnya.
Sebagai perbandingan, jauh sebelum diskusi dengan Pemda Gunungkidul, tim peneliti IRE sesungguhnya telah melakukan riset advokasi mengenai aset dan keuangan desa. Riset tersebut dilaku kan di beberapa desa di kawasan Indonesia Timur, seperti Provinsi NTT, Provinsi NTB, dan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. IRE saat itu berkeyakinan bahwa salah satu peraturan teknis turunan dari UU Desa yang penting untuk segera diterbitkan adalah Pera-turan Pemerintah tentang Aset dan Keuangan Desa. Karena itu, kebutuhan untuk menyediakan produk pengetahuan berbasis penelitian lapangan mendesak dilakukan guna memberikan input paper bagi pemerintah pusat yang akan menyusun kebijakan desa. Berbekal pengalaman saat advokasi RUU Desa, IRE bergerak cepat mengkomunikasikan produk pengetahuan terbarunya ini kepada Direktorat Jenderal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Desa (Ditjen PMD) Kementrian Dalam Negri. Melalui Kasubdit Aset dan Keuangan Desa,input paper IRE dibahas melalui serangkaian diskusi berseri. Dua cerita di atas memberikan gambaran tentang peran IRE dalam mempersiapkan kebijakan nasional dan daerah terkait pelaksanaan UU Desa. Namun hal itu belumlah cukup karena UU Desa sendiri harus terus dikawal sampai norma-norma dalam regulasi tersebut benar-benar dipedomani dalam peraturan turunannya. Serta pelak-sanaannya yang sesuai dengan desain kelembagaan yang telah dirumuskan dalam UU tersebut.
Jalan bagi persiapan pelaksanaan UU Desa ternyata melalui hambatan kekuasaan birokrasi yang punya perhitungan sendiri. Politik kepentingan yang menyertai pelaksanaan UU Desa tergolong
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pared to adjust several local regulations to be the technical guidelines for the villagers.
It was the transition period of the central government so that the discussion was limited to shopping ideas for the implementation of Village Law. The discussion forum was closed by noting some important aspects for the preparation of the implementation of the Law such as preparing the Raperda (the Draft of Local Regulation) on Village, revising Perda Local Regulations on filling, appointing, and dismissing the (ead of Village and the Officials, revising Perbup (Regent Regulations) on the Finances of Village, formulating Perbup on the Authority of Village, and adjusting the other sets of technical regulations.
In comparison, long before the discussions with the Local Government of Gunung Kidul, the team of researchers from IRE had conducted advocacy researches on the assets and finances of some villages. The researches were conducted in several villages in eastern Indonesia such as the province of NTT, NTB and South Sulawesi. IRE, at that time, believed that one of the technical regulations derived from Village Law important to be immediately issued was the Government Regulation on Assets and Finances of Villages. Therefore, providing field research-based knowledge product was urgently needed in order to give input paper for the central government that would formulate village policies. With the experience while advocating RUU Desa (Village Bill), IRE moved quickly to communicate its latest knowledge to Ditjen PMD (the Directorate General of Community and Village Empowerment) of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Through Kasubdit (the Head of Sub-Directorate) of Assets and Finances of Villages, the input paper of IRE was discussed through a series of discussions.
The two stories above provide an overview of the roles of IRE in preparing national and local policies related to the implementation of Village Law. However, those are not enough because the law itself have to be overseen until the norms in the regulation become the bases for the derived regulations, and the implementation is in
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rumit dan dinamis. Melalui advokasi UU Desa, IRE memperoleh pembelajaran yang berharga dalam melakukan advokasi kebijakan di Indonesia.
Ribut di Pusat
Pasca diundangkan oleh Presiden SBY, UU Desa memasuki babak persiapan pelaksanaan di tahun 2014. Selama setahun dalam proses persiapan, regulasi baru ini dijalankan oleh dua pemerintahan yang berbeda mengingat tahun 2014 bertepatan dengan per-gantian kepemimpinan nasional. Akan tetapi, tahap persiapan regulasi turunannya dijalankan oleh pemerintahan SBY secara pararel. Pengesahan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 43/2014 tentang Pelaksanaan UU No. 6/2014 tentang Desa pada tanggal 30 Mei 2014. Sedangkan PP No. 60/2014 tentang Dana Desa disahkan pada tanggal 21 Juli 2014. Penerbitan regulasi teknis ini melalui proses penyusunan yang terkesan terburu-buru dan tertutup terhadap masukan dari para pegiat pembaharuan desa. Kesan terburu-buru dalam penyusunan PP ini sangatlah berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan proses penyusunan rancangan UU-nya oleh Pansus DPR-RI yang bersifat sabar dan terbuka. Dalam proses penyusunan kedua PP tersebut IRE sama sekali tidak dilibatkan, walaupun sebelumnya IRE sudah pernah memberikan input paper berupa hasil penelitian sebagai masukan terkait dana desa. Bahkan penyusunan PP ini juga tertutup dari masukan Kemendagri sebagai pihak yang menyusun rancangan PP tersebut.
Tidak hanya itu, pemerintah SBY saat itu juga gagal menyatukan kewenangan terkait pengaturan keuangan desa di bawah satu kementrian sehingga memunculkan kedua PP seperti yang telah disebut di atas, yaitu PP No. 43/2014 dan PP No. 60/2014. Pengaturan teknis umum desa dijalankan Ditjen PMD Kemendagri, sedangkan pengaturan teknis dana desa dipegang oleh Ditjen Keuangan Daerah Kemenkeu.
Lebih jauh, arus balik kemunculan politik kewargaan yang tere-presentasi melalui kemenangan Presiden Joko Widodo dalam pilpres senyatanya tidak berimbas kepada birokrasi yang berwenang dalam
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accordance with the institutional design that has been formulated in that Law.
The way for preparing the implementation of Village Law unfor-tunately faced the barrier of bureaucratic power that had its own calculation. Political interests that accompanied the implementation of Village Law were complex and dynamic. Through the advocacy of Village Law, IRE has gained valuable lessons in conducting policy advocacy in Indonesia.
Chaos in the Central Government
After the promulgation by the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), in 2014, Village Law entered the preparation stage of the implementation. During the one year preparation process, this new regulation was run by two different governments since in 2014, there was the change of national leadership. Nevertheless, the preparation stage of the derived regulations was carried out by the government of SBY in parallel. The legalization of PP (Government Regulation) No. 43/2014 on the Implementation of Law No. 6/2014 on Village was conducted on May 30, 2014, while PP No. 60/2014 on Village Funds was legalized on July 21, 2014. The issuance of these technical regulations was through a preparation process that seemed rushed and closed to input from the activists of village reform. The rush in the drafting of PP was very different if compared with the drafting process of the Bill by Pansus DPR-RI (the Special Committee of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia) that was patient and opened. In the process of preparing both PP, IRE was totally excluded although previously IRE had provided input paper in the form of research paper as the input related to village funds. Even, the drafting of this PP was also closed from the input of Kemendagri (Ministry of Home Affairs) as the party that drafted the regulation. The government of SBY was also failed to unify the authorities related to village financial management under one ministry which resulted in those two PPs as mentioned above, namely PP No. 43/2014 and PP No. 60/2014. The general technical arrangement of village was executed by Ditjen PMD Kemendagri (the Directorate General of
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persiapan regulasi, kelembagaan dan subtansi dalam pelaksanakan UU Desa. Desain kelembagaan dari Presiden Joko Widodo untuk pengelolaan desa yang berada di bawah kewenangan satu kementerian khusus, sebaliknya justru mendapat respon negatif dari Ditjen PMD Kemendagri. Respon ini menimbulkan kegaduhan berlarut di masa awal pemerintahan Jokowi, yang akhirnya berujung pada kompromi lewat pengesahan Perpres No. 11/2015 dan Perpres No. 12/2015. Polemik kewenangan pengelolaan desa di level pemerintah pusat berakibat terpisahnya urusan pengelolaan desa di tangan dua kementerian. Urusan administrasi pemerintahan desa berada pada wewenang Kementrian Dalam Negeri, sedangkan urusan pembangunan, sosial masyarakat dan pemberdayaan adalah wewenang Kementrian Desa, PDT dan Transmigrasi.
Risau di Daerah
Kompetisi kewenangan pengelolaan desa yang terjadi di level pemerintah pusat menimbulkan kegamangan pemerintah daerah dalam merespon persiapan pelaksanaan UU Desa. Pemisahan kewenangan pengelolaan desa seperti yang telah disebut di atas berpotensi menjadi masalah rujukan bagi Pemerintah Desa akibat tumpang tindihnya peraturan. Misalnya Permendagri No. 114/2014 tentang Pedoman Pembangunan Desa yang seharusnya menjadi kewenangan Kementerian Desa. Akibat kegamangan ini, sosialisasi UU Desa oleh pemerintah daerah tidak berjalan efisien. Di samping itu penyesuaian kebijakan daerah atas desa pun terhambat seiring molornya kegiatan supervisi UU Desa yang dilakukan pemerintah pusat kepada daerah.
Lambatnya respon pemerintah daerah dalam persiapan pe lak-sanaan UU Desa di satu sisi juga bisa dilihat sebagai usaha dalam mempertahankan legitimasi kedudukannya terhadap desa. UU Desa melepaskan kewenangan pemerintah daerah terhadap keuangan desa dan kewenangan asal-usul dan lokal berskala desa yang dikuasai oleh pemerintah daerah selama ini merujuk kepada skema otonomi daerah. Dana perimbangan (DAU dan DBH) yang selama ini digunakan pemerintah daerah untuk menjalankan politik otonomi
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Community and Village Empowerment of the Ministry of Home Affairs), while the technical arrangement of village funds was in the hand of Ditjen Keuangan Daerah Kemenkeu (the Directorate General of Local Finances of the Ministry of Finances).
Furthermore, the turning point of the politics of citizenship repre-sented by the victory of the President in the presidential election, in fact, did not affect the authorized bureaucracy in the preparation of the regulations, institutions, and substances in implementation of Village Law. The design of institution by the President Joko Widodo for village management which was under the authority of a specific ministry unfortunately got a negative response from the Ditjen PMD Kemendagri. This response caused chaos in the early years of Jokowi which finally led to a compromise through the ratification of Perpres (Presidential Decree) No. 11/2015 and Perpres No. 12/2015. The polemic in the authority of village management at the level of central government has resulted in the separation of village management affairs in the hand of two ministries. The administration of village is under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs, while the development, social, community, and empowerment are under the authority of the Ministry of Village, while the construction business, social and empowerment is the authority of the Ministry of Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration.
Anxiety in the Regions
The competition in village management authority that occurred at the level of the central government raised the uncertainty of local government in responding to the preparation of Village Law. The separation of village management authority as mentioned above could potentially be the problem of reference for village government as the result of overlapping regulations. For example, Permendagri (the Regulation of the Ministry of Home Affairs) No. 114/2014 on the Guidelines of Village Development was supposed to be the authority of the Ministry of Village. As the consequence of this uncertainty, the socialization of Village Law by local government law did not run efficiently. )n addition, the adjustment of local policies towards
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daerah, kini diwajibkan harus diserahkan paling sedikit 10 persen ke desa dalam bentuk ADD.
Implikasi pemerintah daerah yang terkesan ‘setengah-hati’ ini pada akhirnya bermuara pada kebingungan pemerintah desa. Sebagai pihak yang paling penting dalam pelaksanaan UU Desa, pemerintah desa justru adalah pihak yang paling minim pengetahuannya dalam implementasi UU tersebut. Hal ini masih ditambah dengan wacana yang beredar di jajaran pemerintah desa yang justru terjebak ke dalam isu anggaran desa semata (Dana Desa, ADD, korupsi anggaran) ketimbang isu-isu substansial dalam UU Desa seperti persoalan kedudukan, kewenangan dan demokratisasi desa.
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village was obstructed due to the long process of the supervision of Village Law by the central government to the regions.
The slow response of local government in the preparation for the implementation of Village Law on one side can also be seen as an attempt to maintain the legitimacy of its position in village. Village Law detaches the authorities of local government towards village finances and the village-scale authorities of origin and locality that has been controlled by local government referring to the scheme of regional autonomy. The balance (DAU and DBH) that has been used by local government to carry out the politics of regional autonomy, is now required to be submitted at least 10 percent to village in the form of ADD.
The implication of local government that seems ‘half-hearted’ has finally led to the confusion of village government. As the most important element in the implementation of Village Law, village government, in fact, has the least knowledge on the implementation of the Law. It is worsened with a discourse spreading in village government that is stuck merely in the issue of village budget (Village Fund, ADD, budget corruption) rather than substantial issues in Village Law such as status, authority, and democratization of village.
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DINAMIKA PROGRAM DAN
KEGIATAN KELEMBAGAAN
3.1.
Klaster Pendalaman Demokrasi
Hajatan demokrasi elektoral dalam rangka per gantian kepemimpinan nasional dan anggota parlemen selalu memunculkan pem -belajaran yang menarik. Bagi klaster Pen-dalaman Demokrasi, peristiwa lima tahu nan ini pun menjadi penting untuk dicer mati terutama mengenai isu-isu seputar dinamika demokrasi yang terjadi pada proses maupun hasilnya. Berikut ini beberapa kegiatan yang telah kami selenggarakan selama tahun politik yang penuh dinamika dan kejutan.
3.1.1. Rangkaian Kegiatan Kluster
Di tahun 2014 terdapat beberapa keg-iatan yang diselenggarakan baik beru-pa kegiatan rutin maupun insidental dalam merespon agenda politik sepu-tar dinamika demokrasi yang terjadi pada proses pemilu maupun pasca
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THE DYNAMICS OF THE
PROGRAMS AND THE ACTIVITIES
OF THE INSTITUTION
3.1.
Deepening Democracy Cluster
The celebration of electoral democracy in the context of the change of national leadership and the members of the parliament always raises an interesting learning. For Deepening Democracy cluster, this five year event became noteworthy, especially regarding the issues around the dynamics of democracy that occurred in the process or the results. Here are some of the activities that we have held during the year of politics that was full of dynamics and surprises.
3.1.1. The Activities of the Cluster
In 2014, there were several activities organized in the form of routine and incidental activities to respond the political agenda regarding the dynam-ics of democracy that occurred in the election process and after the
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terpilihnya presiden dan wakil presiden. IRE Yogyakarta dengan dukungan KSI pada tahun 2014 melakukan serang-kaian kegiatan yang mengarah pada upaya merespon isu-isu.
Pertama, kegiatan diskusi bulanan dengan tema yang
varia-tif untuk merespon isu-isu aktual.
1. Mengawali tahun 2014, tema diskusi bulanan IRE adalah “Mewujudkan Indonesia yang Berdaulat, Bebas dari Korupsi”. Tema diskusi diangkat karena dirasa relevan dengan dinamika sosial politik yang sedang terjadi waktu itu. Tahun 2014 Indonesia akan masuk pada tahun politik dimana akan berlangsung pemilu legislatif dan pemilu pemilu presiden dan wakil presiden. Semen-tara pada tahun 2013 masyarakat disuguhi satu drama pertarungan antara KPK dan institusi kepolisian. Hadir sebagai pembicara pada waktu itu adalah Busyro Muqoddas (mantan/calon Komisioner KPK), Suparman Marzuki (Komisioner KY) dan Arie Sujito (Peneliti IRE Yogyakarta).
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dent and vice president were elected. IRE Yogyakarta sup-ported by KSI in 2014 conducted a series of activities that led to the effort in response to the issues.
The first was monthly discussion activities with varied themes in response to current issues.
1. Opening 2014, the theme of IRE’s monthly discussion was “Mewujudkan Indonesia yang Berdaulat, Bebas dari Korupsi” (Realizing Indonesia Which Is Sovereign, Freed from Corruption). The theme of discussion was chosen because it seemed relevant to the socio-political dynamics at that time. In 2014, Indonesia would enter the year of politics in which the legislative election and the presidential and vice presidential election would be held, while in 2013, people were shown the drama on the battle between KPK (Corruption Eradication Commission) and the police institution. The speakers of the discussion were Busyro Muqoddas (the former / a candidate for the Commissioner of KPK), Suparman Marzuki (The Commissioner of KY) and Arie Sujito (A Researcher of IRE Yogyakarta).
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2. Diskusi dengan tema “Presiden Baru dan Proyeksi Penye -le saikan Konflik )dentitas Keberagamaan di )ndo nesia pada tanggal 26 Mei 2014 yang menghadirkan nara-sumber Prof. Dr. Syafii Ma arif Pengurus PP Muham-madiyah), Alissa Wachid (Gusdurian), dan Abdur Rozaki (Peneliti IRE). Diskusi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pendidikan politik pada para pemilih pada Pemilu Pre-siden 2014 melalui proses mengkritisi visi dan pro g ram calon presiden dalam menyelesaikan konflik identitas keberagamaan di Indonesia.
3. Diskusi bulanan mengusung tema “Menakar Ideologi Ne-gara (Pancasila) dalam Kebijakan Politik Presiden Baru” yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 29 Agustus 2014. Diskusi ini bertujuan untuk merefleksikan penga malan Ideologi Negara (Pancasila) dalam kehidupan bernegara dan bermasyarakat di Indonesia, mengukur komit-men Presiden terpilih terhadap penguatan Ideologi Negara (Pancasila) dan menemukan jalan terang guna mengukuhkan kembali Ideologi Negara Indonesia. Hadir sebagai narasumber yaitu: Drs. Sindung Tjahyadi, M.Hum. (Pusat Studi Pancasila UGM), Muhammad Jadul Maula (LESBUMI), dan Titok Hariyanto (Peneliti IRE Yogyakarta).
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2. There was also a discussion on the theme of “Presiden
Baru dan Proyeksi Penyelesaikan Konflik Identitas Ke
beragamaan di Indonesia” (New President and the Projec-tions of the Pluralism )dentity Conflicts in )ndonesia on May 6, with Prof. Dr. Syafii Maarif the Board of Muhammadiyah), Alissa Wachid (Gusdurian), and Abdur Rozaki (A Researcher of IRE) as the keynote speakers. This discussion was intended to provide political edu-cation to the voters in the presidential election in 2014 through the process of criticizing the visions and pro-grams of the presidential candidate in resolving the Pluralism )dentity Conflicts in )ndonesia.
3. A monthly discussion on the theme of “Menakar Ideologi Negara (Pancasila) dalam Kebijakan Politik Presiden Baru”(Measuring the Ideology of the State (Pancasila) in the Political Policies of the New Presidents” was held on August 9, . This discussion was intended to reflect the practice of the Ideology of the State (Pancasila) in the state and society in Indonesia, measure the commitment of the elected President in strengthening the Ideology of the State Pancasila , and find the bright way in order to reaffirm the )deology of )ndonesia. The keynote speakers were Drs. Sindung Tjahyadi, M. Hum. (The Center for Pancasila Studies of UGM), Muhammad Jadul Maula (LESBUMI), and Titok Hariyanto (A Researcher of IRE Yogyakarta).
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4. Diskusi bulanan dengan tema “Membedah Subsidi BBM” yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 26 November 2014. Diskusi ini bertujuan untuk mengupas alasan ur gensi sebuah kebijakan terkait dengan subsidi BBM, mem-bedah program-program pengalihan subsidi BBM era Pemerintahan Jokowi dan mengukur seberapa jauh dampak kenaikan BBM bagi masyarakat terutama masyarakat miskin. Hadir sebagai narasumber pada kegiatan ini yaitu Dr. Rimawan Prapdityo (Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, UGM), Romel Maskuri (Ketua Senat Mahasiswa UIN) dan Dina Mariana (Peneliti IRE Yogyakarta).
Kedua, kegiatan menyusun proposal riset dengan tema
“Peran Kelompok Strategis dalam Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Paska Lahirnya UU Keistimewaan”. Melalui riset ini diharap-kan dapat ditemudiharap-kan peta kelompok strategis dan perannya dalam mempengaruhi kebijakan serta bagaimana relasi dan keterpengaruhannya dalam proses advokasi yang menyang-kut isu pelayanan publik pasca lahirnya UU Keistimewaan.
Pelajaran Berharga
Diskusi bulanan yang secara rutin diselenggarakan oleh IRE Yogyakarta telah menciptakan ruang discourse baru dalam menganalisa proses bekerjanya demokrasi, serta peluang dan tantangannya baik di tingkat elite, civil society, maupun
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4. Another monthly discussion on the theme of “Membedah Subsidi BBM” (Investigating the Petrol Subsidies) was held on November 26, 2014. This discussion aimed to explore the reasons of urgency towards a policy related to petrol subsidies, investigate the petrol subsidy diversion programs in Jokowi era, and measure how far the impact of the increase of the petrol towards the community, especially the poor was. The keynote speakers of this event were Dr. Rimawan Prapdityo (A Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and Business, UGM), Romel Maskuri (The Chairman of the Student Senate of UIN) and Dina Mariana (A Researcher of IRE Yogyakarta).
The second was research proposal development activities on the theme of “Peran Kelompok Strategis dalam Mempen-garuhi Kebijakan Paska Lahirnya UU Keistimewaan” (The Role of Strategic Groups in )nfluencing Policies after the birth of the Law on Special Region). Through this research, it was expected that the map of strategic groups and their roles in influencing policies, the relation, how they were affected in advocacy related to the issues of public services after the birth of the Law on Special Region could be found.
Lessons Learned
The monthly discussions regularly held by IRE Yogyakarta have created a new space for discourse in analyzing how the democratic process works and how the opportunities and
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bulanan ini turut mewarnai media massa sehingga cukup banyak pesan yang dapat disampaikan kepada publik dalam rangka penguatan demokrasi substansial, baik di tingkat lo-kal maupun nasional.
Rekomendasi
Transformasi kehidupan berdemokrasi secara formal prose-dural sudah saatnya menuju ke perikehidupan demokrasi yang subtantif. Diskursus pendalaman demokrasi yang telah dipelihara IRE sejauh ini, sepantasnya berlanjut menjadi dis-kursus publik yang lebih luas dan berpengarh secara nyata dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan yang lebih berpihak pada kepentingan masyarakat dan penguatan demokrasi di Indonesia.
3.1.2. Kegiatan Kerja sama IRE dalam Isu Pendalaman
Demokrasi
IRE selama tahun 2014 melakukan kerja sama dengan be-berapa pihak dalam isu pendalaman demokrasi. Ada tiga kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh IRE, sebagian merupakan kelanjutan dari kerja sama tahun sebelumnya, beberapa lagi merupakan kerja sama baru.
1.
Kerjasama IRE dengan CENTER for LEAD.
Latar Belakang
Bersama dengan CENTER for LEAD, IRE melakukan pene-litian “Money Politic dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014” di DIY. Riset ini sebelumnya memang tidak direncanakan. Kami berpandangan, Pemilu 2014 pastilah sama dengan pemilu sebelumnya, tidak ada kejutan-kejutan yang bisa membawa lompatan perbaikkan demokrasi substantif. Artinya, pemilu sekedar prasyarat utama demokrasi prosedural, pemilu akan berlangsung sesuai dengan tahapannya. Tidak ada sesuatu yang menarik untuk diselidiki lebih mendalam lagi. Ternyata asumsi tersebut salah.
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challenges at either elite level, civil society, or community are. These interesting discussions often appeared in mass media so that there were quite a lot of messages that could be delivered to the public in order to strengthen substantive democracy, both at local and national levels.
Recommendation
It is the time for the formal – procedural transformation of democratic life to go to the substantive democracy. The dis-course of deepening democracy that has been kept by IRE should continue to be a broader public discourse and affect significantly in the policy making process that is more in the favor of the interests of the community and the strengthen-ing of democracy in Indonesia.
3.1.2. The Collaborative Projects of IRE on the Deepening
Democracy Issues
During 2014, IRE had collaborative projects with several parties on deepening democracy issues. There were three collaborative projects undertaken by IRE. One of them was a continuation of the work of the previous year, and two of them were new collaborative projects.
1.
The Cooperation between IRE and CENTER for
LEAD
Background
Together with CENTER for LEAD, IRE conducted a research on “Money Politics dalam Pemilu Legislatif 2014” (Money Pol-itics in the 2014 Legislative Election) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research was not planned. We thought that the 2014 election must have been the same as the previous elections. There were no surprises that could significantly improve the substantive democracy. It means election is just a major prerequisite in procedural democracy, and election
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Sepanjang tahapan pemilu berlangsung, perbincangan ma-syarakat tentang Pemilu 2014 ternyata lebih seru dari pemi-lu-pemilu sebelumnya. Cerita paling banyak adalah tentang politik uang. Obrolan di pos ronda, warung angkringan, kan-tor, hingga diskusi yang digelar para aktivis menyodorkan fakta adanya praktik money politic yang demikian mempri-hatinkan. Memprihatinkan karena para calon anggota legis-latif melakukannya secara terbuka tanpa ada rasa malu se-dikit pun. Memprihatinkan karena para calon pemilih men-ganggap hal tersebut sebagai suatu kewajaran dalam hajatan pesta demokrasi.
Tudingan atas hadirnya problem tersebut dialamatkan pada perubahan sistem pemilu dari proporsional tertutup men-jadi proporsional terbuka paska putusan MK pada tahun 2009 lalu. Pada sistem proporsional tertutup partai sebagai kontestan memiliki kendali penuh terhadap kandidat yang diusung dengan penetapan nomor urut kandidat. Sedang-kan sistem proporsional terbuka cenderung mengarah pada politik elektoral yang bertumpu pada kandidat dan personal vote. Dibanding proporsional tertutup, proporsional terbuka memberikan insentif lebih kepada calon dalam melakukan politik uang.
Namun benarkah kegagalan transformasi reformasi sistem representasi berakar dari perubahan sistem pemilu yang lebih terbuka dan kompetitif? Apakah prasayarat-prasyarat bagi hadirnya kompetisi yang adil dan jujur telah dipenuhi? Tidakkah partai seharusnya juga berbenah dalam sistem semacam itu?
Rangkaian Kegiatan
Pada tahun 2014, kerjasama dengan CENTER for LEAD ter-kait pemilu fokus pada penelitian, penulisan hasil penelitian, dan diseminasi hasil penelitian ke dalam buku. Penelitian dan elaborasi lebih lanjut tentang kaitan antara money
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fact to investigate more deeply. However, the assumption was wrong.
Throughout the stages of the election, the public debate about the 2014 election, in fact, was hotter than the previous elec-tions. Most of the stories were about money politics. Chatting in the community guard posts, angkringan (small traditional food stall in Yogyakarta , offices, and even discussions held by activists showed the practices of money politics were at alarming rate. It was said so because the legislative candi-dates did money politics openly without any shame, and they thought that it was normal in the celebration of democracy. The allegation of these problems was addressed to the changes in the electoral system from closed list proportional system to open list proportional system after the decision of the Constitutional Court in 2009. In the closed list propor-tional system, the party as the contestant has full control over the candidates promoted by setting the number of the candidates in the list. On the other hand, open list propor-tional system tends to lead to electoral politics, which is based on the candidates and personal vote. In comparison with the closed list proportional system, the open list pro-portional system gives more incentives to the candidates in doing money politics.
However, is it true that the failure in the transformation of reformation of representation system was caused by the change in the system of the election which was more open and competitive? Had the prerequisites of the fair and hon-est competition been fulfilled? The parties should also reor -ganize themselves, shouldn’t they?
The Series of Activities
In 2014, the cooperation with CENTER for LEAD related to the election focused on research, research result writing, and dissemination of research results into a book. Research
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SHAW
13.27
29,400,000
-
PLAN 2
13.28
98,000,000
TAF
13.29
-
1,688,558,980
FORD
13.30
-
19,763,276
Sub Total
5,777,854,574
6,003,220,520
Unrestricted Fund Program
Progra I ple e taio
13,901,080
83,486,380
Management and General
Personnel
833,101,910
693,275,000
Depreciaio
205,970,180
177,461,105
Overhead
99,442,050
116,579,348
(2)
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Sub Jumlah
1,220,392,940
1,154,959,165
Total Beban
6,998,247,514
7,158,179,685
PERUBAHAN ASET BERSIH
(401,938,277)
264,572,807
ASET BERSIH AWAL TAHUN
4,942,614,816
4,672,623,517
KOREKSI ASET BERSIH
(66,589,155)
5,418,492
(3)
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CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
(401,938,277)
264,572,807
NET ASSETS BEGINNING BALANCE
4,942,614,816
4,672,623,517
CORRECTION IN NET ASSETS
(66,589,155)
5,418,492
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STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
BADAN EKSEKUTIF IRE YOGYAKARTA
Periode 2013-2015
M & E
Manajer Keuangan
Manajer Kantor dan SDM Sistem Informasi
Data & Pustaka
Publikasi Manajer Komunikasi
Deepening Democracy Governance and Policy Reform Community Development & Empowerment (Deputi Pengembangan
SDM dan Kelembagaan)
BOARD
Direktur Eksekutif
(Deputi Pengembangan
Program dan Jaringan) Panel Ahli
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M & E
Financial Manajer
Ofice Manager & HRD Information System
Data & Lecture
Publication Communication Manager
Deepening Democracy Governance and Policy Reform Community Development & Empowerment Deputy of I situio al
a d Hu a Resource De elop e t
BOARD
Executive Director
Deputy of Net orki g
a d Progra De elop e t Expert Panel
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