Previous Study Research Method Data Collecting Method

2.10 Previous Study

There are some writers have analyzed figurative language in poetry, lyrics and the Holy Bible and they are: Ramadhan 2004 in her thesis ‘The Analysis of Non-Literal Meaning in Jascha Richter’s Lyrics in Michael Learns To Rock’s Songs’ she concluded that in the lyrics there are 14 cases of metaphor, 7 cases of simile, 6 cases of personification, 6 cases of euphemism, 1 case of facetious way irony and 17 cases of exaggerated way hyperbole. Perangin- angin 2008 in his thesis ‘An Analysis of Figurative Expressions in The Holy Bible: Hebrew’ he concluded that in The Holy Bible there are 49 cases of the using of figurative expressions. There are 20 cases for metaphor, 9 cases for hyperbole, 5 cases of simile, 3 for synecdoche, 7 cases for irony, and 5 cases of personification. These findings show us that metaphor becomes the most dominant kinds of figurative expression that is used in Hebrew. I am very interested in the findings of two thesis results above, because it relates with title of my thesis. The equation is equally as discuss non-literal meaning. While the difference is in the data source. Ramadan analyzes data in song lyrics and Perangin-angin analyzes data in the Holy Bible. So, in this case I choose a novel “The Pearl” by John Steinbeck to analyze it. 8QLYHUVLWDV6 XPDWHUD8WDUD CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Research Method

In this thesis, I apply library research to get supporting information related to the topic of analysis. Nawawi 1993:30 states that: “Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan menghimpun data dari berbagai literatur baik di perpustakaan maupun tempat-tempat lain. ”

3.2 Data Collecting Method

Data are sentences 32 and utterances 8 are contained non-literal meaning taken from novel The Pearl by John Steinbeck which consists of 97 pages. I apply observation method in collecting the data. Mahsun 2006:218 says, “Observation method is method that is usually used by the researc her to observe language using”. In this research, the researcher used teknik simak bebas libat cakap non participatory observation.

3.3 Data Analysis Method