Based on those definitions above, it can be concluded that translation is an expression of transferring the original message of the original author into another
language by using the exact meaning of words or the equivalent one and in terms of style.
2.2 Process of Translations
Nida and Taber 1969 divides the process of translating into three stages system: 1 Analysis the SL message into its simplest and structurally clearest form;
2 Transfer the message; and 3 Restructures the message in the TL to the level which is most appropriate for the audience addressed.
Diagram:
SOURCE LANGUAGE TARGET LANGUAGE
The analysis begins with discovering basic element in SL, the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are
analyzed. Then move to transfer the analyzed material into the mind of translator from SL to TL. Then, the last phase is the phase where the translator rewrites or re-
expresses the material, which is readable and acceptable in terms of rule and style in TL.
Furthermore, Nababan 1999:25 divides the process of translation in three major steps. 1 Analyzing the ST; the first step is analyzing the text. Analyze the
linguistics and extra-linguistics elements in the text. Linguistics elements is the elements deals with language, while extra-linguistics is the elements beyond the
language, such as the culture and the social context of the text. 2 Transfer the meaning ; the second step is transferring the meaning. In this step the translator has
Translation Text
Restucturing Analysis
Transfer
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to find the equivalentof the ST. This process happens in mind proses batin. It means that this process is in the abstract form. 3 Reconstruction ; the last step is
reconstruction. After finding the equivalent of ST, we reconstruct it in the form of TL becoming TT. In this step, we must decide what style that suits best to the text
and the readers.
2.3 Function of Translation
According to Hartley 1982:186, “ Translating is a particular kind of communication and in all communication information is lost somewhere in the
channel between sender and receiver. There are cultural and linguistic obstacles which may make the original messages or effects become difficult to achieve.”
There are three essential elements to form a process of communication. The three elements are source, message and target. These three elements must be found in all
communication activities. In this case, translation is an interlingual communication activity, that is the communication by using two different languages. Translation here
is a written communication. Furthermore, Allan Duff, 1989:5 states that, “Translation as the process of
conveying message across linguistic and cultural barriers, is an eminently communicative activity”. Larson also says that the best translation is the one which
communicates, as much as possible, the TL speakers understood the same meaning with the meaning that understood by the speakers of SL.
As the process of communication, translation functions as the medium in conveying the message across linguistics and cultural barriers. It functions as a
bridge to carry the messages or meanings from the SL to the TL. Translation has function as the medium between the SL and the TL.
Newmark 1988:10 states “ Translation is now used as much to transmit knowledge and to create understanding between groups and nations, as to transmit
culture”. From his statement, it is obvious that translation is also fulfills the demand for demand for many kinds of reading in the fields of education and science, the need
of good translation can not be denied. The people need the scientific information from the countries who have high technology.
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Now, many countries complete to know up – to – date science, news, and technology from the progressive countries. By translation, foreign language barrier is
no longer a problem to grasp the knowledge from other countries. Translation helps the people to understand better the influence of the one
language on the other, and because translation involves contrast, it enable the people to explore the potential of both language; their strength and weaknesses Duff,
1989:6.
2.4 Strategies of Translation
