when the words in question are repeated several times in the text. Once explained, the loan word can be used on its own ; the reader can understand it and is not
distracted by further lengthy explanations. In the “ Memoirs of a Geisha”, the translator uses this strategy in order to the
reader can uderstand the meaning of the Japanese culture. The translator also uses this strategies for the words that have some meaning for a Geisha, so that the
translation take the close meaning or right meaning, especially for a Geisha.
Example : ST : The Baron is a very special man to me, my ‘ danna’. TT : Baron orang yang spesial bagiku, Danna–ku pelindung.
2.5 Translation and Culture
Bronislaw Malinowski was one of the first anthropologists to realize that language could only be understood with reference to culture: a context of culture.
Moreover, Franz Boas in Katan 73 added, The form of language will be moulded by the state of that culture. Sapir on the other hand was convinced that not only
importance of the social background but that future language studies would turn to a concept of culture.
In different societies, people not only speak in different language and dialect, but they are also using the language in a different way. The difference reflects the
different cultural values. This statement is in accordance with the definition given by Newmark 1988:94 The way of life and its manifestation that are peculiar to a
community that uses a particular language as its means of expression which implies that each language group have a culturally specific features.
Nababan 1984: 50 states “… Bahasa, sebagai system komunikasi, mempunyai makna hanya dalam kebudayaan yang menjadi wadahnya… mengerti
sesuatu bahasa tertentu memerlukan sedikit banyak pengertian tentang kebudayaan” Language, as communication system, has meaning only in a culture in its
place...understanding something specific language requires a little more cultural understanding. Therefore, any translator who wants to translate SL to TL must
understand the culture of both SL and TL. If the translators take culture tobe a set of beliefs and practices which govern
the life of society, language is a vehicle for the expression of those beliefs, for their transmission from generation to generation, and an instrument for finding out the
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world. Language is a key component of culture. It is the primary medium for transmitting culture.
In the process of translating a text, a translator should translate the expressions from culture context. Translation from one language to another language
cannot be done adequately without the knowledge of the two cultures a well as the two language cultures. Larson 1988:431 says, “ The translator must know the
subject matter which he she is translating. He she must know the culture from which the message originally came as well as the culture for which it is being
translated”. Translation and culture has a close relationship. If the translator wants to
translate the text, the translator must know the concept of culture firstly. Larson 1988:431 says, “the translators must know the subject matter which he she is
translating. He she must know the culture from which the message originally comes as well as the culture for which it is being translated”.
Simply, culture is an important role in translation. The translation will be easier if the translator is support by an adequate knowledge about the culture from
SL and TL. Finally, the translator must be aware in translating problems due to the differences of culture between SL and TL.
2.6 Categories of Cultural Terms
