R elation A critical discourse analysis on The Jakarta Post text

3 3 A cc o rd in g to F a irc lo u g h , th e n a tu re o f th e p o w e r re la tio n s e n a c te d in m a ss- m ed ia d isco u rse is o fte n n o t c le ar, in v o lv in g h id d e n p o w e r b e tw ee n p ro d u c ers a n d in te rp re te rs c o n su m e rs. B e ca u se it is n o t p o ssib le fo r p ro d u c ers to k n o w w h o is in th e au d ien c e , th e y m u st in m in d p ro d u c e w ith so m e in terp re te rs— a n id ea l su b jec t an d ac tu a l v ie w ers o r liste n e rs o r re a d e rs h a v e to n e go tia te a re la tio n sh ip w ith it. T h en , w h o is th e id ea l su b je ct in th e w e lco m e m ess a g e th e p resid e n ts a re in te ra c tin g w ith ? In sa m p le 1 , it is o b v io u sly m en tio n ed : 4 6 “A university president or a representative from a research institute seeking for high-level academic exchange and cooperation; an international investor thinking about investment in a vigorously developing educational institution; a research or business representative interested in the incubation and industrialization of research achievements; a high-school or college graduate looking for undergraduate or graduate studies in different fields of learning; a foreign citizen who wants to know more about the Chinese language and culture; or a visitor just wanting to learn more about Zhejiang University.” T h e a n a lysis is im p o rtan t in tw o th in gs. First, if sa id th at m e d ia is so c ial sp ac e, w h e re e v ery gro u p w h o is in so cie ty su b m it an o p in io n an d lo o k fo r in flu en c e in o rd e r to b e ac ce p te d b y p u b lic . S o , th e re la tio n an alysis w ill giv e v a lu ab le in fo rm a tio n h o w so cial p o w e r is sh o w e d in a te x t. A g ro u p , w h o h as h igh p o sitio n , g en era lly is p la c ed h igh e r in re la tio n w ith jo u rn a list th a n a m in o rity g ro u p . Related to Papua During this time, Papua citizens are being son in law. Papua has big wealth, more over, may be as one of the biggest in the world. From gold mining to oil are in Papua land. Ironically, Papua citizens’ life still in less 4 6 Promotional university institutional discourse: a case analysis related to Chinese content w w w .sis.z ju .e d u .c n w y x y z y c o n fe re n c e re se a rc h g ro u p stu _ w o rk sd u 2 0 b e i_ P ro m o tio n a l 2 0 u n i v e rsity 2 0 d isc o u rse .d o c . A c c e sse d o n F e b ru a r y 2 5 , 2 0 0 9 . 3 4 developed, only a little citizen who has high education. The property is taken and brought out from the territory and only partly of it which can be enjoyed by Papua citizens. This is one of thing which make many people feel disappointed and wish to release from Related to Governm ent Governm ent, during this time, is not serious in solving Papua problem. Especially, during “Orde Baru” there was not policy which is made by governm ent which gave advantage to Papua citizens. In fact, Governm ent brought Papua into being milch cow, especially for the sake of the chronic that enjoyed a flood of money from Papua. Governm ent also, frequently, takes strong steps to receive actions which are conducted by Papua citizens. So, if they wish to release from Indonesia, that the T h e tw o ex a m p le s a b o v e d esc rib e p h en o m e n o n d e m a n d P a p u a c itiz e n ry w h o w an t fre ed o m . H e re , it c an b e see n h o w th e n e w s is fo rm ed . In th e first s e n ten ce , th e n e w s p la c e m o re a b o u t th e re la tio n w ith P ap u a c itiz e n ry, in o th e r h an d in th e sec o n d sen ten c e th e P a p u a’s p ro b le m is see n m o re in re la tio n w ith g o v ern m e n t. T h e tw o n e w s, n o t o n ly d esc rib e h o w th e e v e n t is en c a se d , b u t a lso sh o w h o w th e rea l so cial p o w e r w h ich is re p re se n ted in th e n e w s. G en e ra lly, d o m in an t g ro u p w h ic h b e o f p o w e r g e t m o re a d v an ta ges in n e w s. In th e first sen ten c e, th e p u b lic read e r is re la te d to P ap u a c itiz en ry. O n th e o th e r h an d , th e p u b lic re ad e r is p la ce d as th o u gh th ere is g ap a m o n g P a p u a citiz e n ry w ith g o v e rn m en t. 3 5 Second, th e re la tio n an alys is is a lso im p o rta n t to se e h o w th e p u b lic w ill b e p lac ed in n e w s. H o w th e re la tio n fo rm s a m o n g th e jo u rn a lists w ith a n o th e r p artic ip an t w an t to b e co m m u n ic a te d to th e p u b lic . In o th e r w o rd , h o w a te x t b u ild th e re la tio n a m o n g th e p u b lic w ith th e so c ia l p a rtic ip an t w h o is b u ilt.

3. Identities

T h e id e n tity a sp ec t is m a in ly se en b y F a irc lo u g h b y se e in g th e jo u rn alist’s id e n tity w h ic h is sh o w e d a n d co n stru c te d in n e w s tex t. A cc o rd in g to F a irc lo u g h , h o w th e jo u rn a list p la c e a n d id en tify h im h e r se lf w ith th e p ro b le m o r so c ial gro u p w h o is m ix e d up w ith : in w h ic h gro u p d o es h e sh e id en tify h im h e r se lf as p a rt o f g ro u p ? D o es th e jo u rn a list w a n t to id e n tify h im h e r as p a rt o f th e p u b lic o r sh o w a n d id e n tify h im h e r se lf sta n d a lo n e ? 4 7 H o w th e jo u rn a list id e n tify h im h e r se lf – fo r in sta n c e th e d isco u rse ab o u t “ Papua M erdeka” - , it c an b e a n a lyz ed w h a t h e sh e p la c e s h im h e r self a s p art o f P ap u a c itiz en ry w h o w a n t fre ed o m o r as p a rt o f P a p u a c itiz en ry w h o d isa g re e w ith free d o m o f P a p u a . Identification with Papua citizen In Papua citizen congress yesterday, decided that Papua released from Indonesia. That was for the first time, formally in the meeting where presented by thousands people, Papua citizen extended their desirability to release from Indonesia. As a matter of fact, long time ago, they wanted to release from Indonesia and yesterday, decided formally. The main point, they want to fight for their life to be better after 4 7 Ibid, p . 3 0 4 3 6 many years fusing with Indonesia, does not change life. Identification with Indonesian citizen In Papua citizen congress yesterday, decided that Papua released from Indonesia. Although it was not advocated by all Papua citizens, the governm ent and Indonesia citizen shou ld pay attention to the decision. In order that does not happen like Timor Timur, it is the time for us to pay attention to Papua T h e se n te n c es ab o v e sh o w h o w th e jo u rn a list id e n tifies h im h e r se lf in th e cen tre o f v a rio u s so c ial fac to rs w h ich is m ix ed u p w ith . T h e first se n te n c e, th e jo u rn a list id e n tifies h im h er se lf as P a p u a c itiz e n ry w h o h as liv e d in su ffe r fo r a lo n g tim e a n d w an ts to b e fre e fro m In d o n e sia . In th e co n tra ry, th e sec o n d s e n ten c e, th e jo u rn alist id en tifie s h im h e r se lf a s p a rt o f In d o n e sia n , ev en th o u gh , a w a re w ith th e su ffe rin g w h ich is ex p erien c ed b y P a p u a c itiz e n ry. T h e se co n d n e w s te x t w an ts th a t erro r ca n b e rep a ire d . T h e id e n tity w ill d e te rm in e h o w a tex t w ill b e m ad e, h o w th e q u estio n is su b m itte d to re so u rc e p e rso n 4 8 an d h o w th e m a teria ls a re w ritte n in to n e w s te x t. T h e id e n tity is n o t o n ly a g g lu tin a ted an d re la ted to jo u rn alist, b u t a lso h o w th e p u b lic p artic ip a n t id en tified a n d h o w th e p u b lic id e n tifie d . 4 8 A c c o rd in g to F a irc lo u g h , th e q u e stio n w h ic h is s u b m itte d to re so u rc e p e rso n is d e te r m in e d b y h o w jo u rn a list id e n tifie s h im h e r s elf a n d h o w reso u rc e p e rso n is id e n tifie d b y jo u rn a list. G e n e ra lly if h e sh e is d isa g re e , th e q u e stio n w h ic h is m a d e a n d s u b m itte d w ill b e in v a lu a tio n fo r m , th e n a sk e d th e a n s w e r to th e re so u rc e p e rso n . 3 7