Background of the Study

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

One of the most important aspects of human life is language. Because It is a tool of communication among people to contribute their ideas. Language makes all the possibilities for human to distinguish them from other creature. Language is a sign to identify of things in the world according to the society agreement and also It is an essential thing for human. Language is a system of sound symbol which has an arbiter character used by the member of social group to cooperate, to communicate, and to identify them. 1 Moreover, it could be undeniable that It is a system which is existence cannot be separated along the existence of human being civilization. Language existence is not axis just in one single pattern but there are many languages that represent the culture according to the consensus of each social group. English and Indonesian languages have different cultures and which influences the language used. Many English texts translated into Indonesian vice versa. From the differences described above, it is required the process of translation. Translation is a general term that refers to the removal of reflections and ideas from one source language SL and target language TL. In a broader context, translation is viewed as a process of transfer of meaning or message that is similar to the original author intended source language 1 Abdul Chaer, Linguistik umum Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, p.32. 2 SL to the target language in another language target languageTL, so a result of translation must have a correspondence relationship with the source text. According to Nababan equivalence relations, which are often regarded as the most important aspects of a quality translation, in essence represents something that is problematic because of differences in linguistic aspects morphological, syntactic, semantic and culturally between the Source Language and the target language. Toury said the translation is an activity that involves two languages and two cultures at the same time, greater differences between the Source Language and the target language, in both these aspects, the higher the difficulty level of meaning or message transfer between the two languages. For example, the phrase I lost my money, which when viewed from the structure represents an active sentence, translated into Indonesian, with a passive expression of structure Uang saya hilang” Therefore, the target language text and the text Source Language may not really worth it in all aspects of linguistic and cultural. Translation as an activity, not only involves the source language and the target language, but also involves the source culture and the target culture. According to Niranjan Mohanty 1994 that translation, in essence is not only a bi-lingual activity, but at the same time, a bi-cultural activity. The translator, through his act of translation, generates a symbiosis between the source culture and the target culture. The translator not only requires a good knowledge of two languages, but also has a good understanding of both cultures. 2 2 Niranjan Mohanty, “Translation: A Symbiosis of culture,” Teaching Translation and Interpreting 2,ed.by. Cay Dollerup, and Annete Lindegaard,Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing,1994, p.28 3 In the process of translation, the translator must be careful in examining the source language. He or She has to consider many things when he or she wants to start transferring it into the target language. He or she must realize that it is different thing between the source culture and target culture. If he or She has to translate a word or sentence, which contains the cultural aspect of a country, he or she has to find its equivalence in the target language that is suitable and has the same sense in the source language. It is different in translating literary texts and non –literary texts. Since literary texts are concerned with the world of the imagination and are centered in human beings, sometimes reflected in their physical characteristics and theirs natural and climatic backgrounds, whilst non-literary texts describe the facts of reality, modified by human intelligence, the translator cannot take literary language at its „face‟ singular denotative value, and has to bear second often multiple connotative meaning in mind. 3 Translation plays an important role in human life because it has made communication between peoples with different languages can be done. Its hard to imagine how the intercultural dialogue is being done to improve understanding and cooperation among nations held. The circulation of ideas, knowledge, information, and values from one nation to another nation will also have problems without the use of translation. Larson, for example, dividing the translation into translation based on meaning meaning-based translation and translation is based on forms form- 3 Rachel Owens, the translator’s Handsbook, London: The Association for Information Management,1996 3 rd edition, p.13 4 based translation. A literal translation which is based on or put the form according to Larson and a free can at equivalence with a translation based on meaning. While Nida and Taber divides translation into a literal and dynamic translation. the literal translation does not reveal the meaning of the source language in the target language. Transferred into the target language is the language of the source, not the meaning contained in the source language. Dynamic translation was intended to produce a dynamic equivalent dynamic equivalence in the target language. Basically a dynamic equivalent translation refers to the nature of that transfer messages contained in the original text so that the response of people who read or hear the message being transferred is equal to the response of people who read or hear the original text. 4 Thats the translation of which there are several methods in the context of linguistic studies in the translation of the novel “A Study in Scarlet Sherlock Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle ”. Related to the study of translation method, basically can not be separated from these linguistic elements, if traced more deeply, the novel contains a variety of linguistic methods compherensif and interesting to be analyzed in depth. Because, in practice, and the fact that there is in this novel is one novel that is easily understood by readers because it is in his method of writing the original text and translation is not too complicated. In translating English novels, such as reduction changes, additions and modifications from the intrinsic element of the novel is often unavoidable. As a 4 Mauritis D.S.Simatupang, Pengantar Teori Terjemahan Jakarta:Universitas Indonesia, 2000, p.39 5 novel source language into target language dubbed, not all words can be changed just like that. To discover what changes are made from English novels, we can do a comparison analysis from the English version and the version of the Indonesian language. Example: Equivalence of meaning in the novel A Study in Scarlet Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle from the original language English translation into the language Indonesian “It depends on the player, ”I answered.”A well played violin is a treat for the gods-a badly-played one- “ “oh, that‟s right,” he cried, with a merry laugh.” I think we may consider the thing as settled- that is, if the rooms are agreeable to you.” “When shall we see them?” “Call for me here at noon to-morrow, and we‟ll go together and setle everything,” he answered. “ itu tergantung pada pemainnya,” jawab saya.” Suara biola yang di mainkan oleh pemain yang baik merupakan suatu hiburan. Tap kalu jelek…” “Oh, ya? Bagus kalau begitu,” teriaknya sambil tertawa penuh kegirangan.” Saya kira segala sesuatunya sudah beres sekarang, kecuali satu hal, apakah kamu cocok dengan tempatnya atau tidak” “kapan kita kesana?” “besok siang temui saya di sini, kita pergi bersama-sama ke sana dan membereskan segala sesuatunya,” jawabnya. In this novel there are situational meaning which is indicated by the word in the English-indonesian dictionary, the word we have two meanings.iec kita and kami, into including the first person, the second person and third person but the word kami only involves the first and the second person. 6

B. Focus of the Study