implied meanings in translation in order to get the ST message across. The role of the translator is to recreate the authors intention in another culture in such a
way that enables the target culture reader to understand it clearly.
14
The notion of equivalence is undoubtedly one of the most problematic and controversial areas in the field of translation theory. The term has caused, and it
seems quite probable that it will continue to cause, heated debates within the field of translation studies. This term has been analyzed, evaluated and
extensively discussed from different points of view and has been approached from many different perspectives. The first discussions of the notion of
equivalence in translation initiated the further elaboration of the term by contemporary theorists. Even the brief outline of the issue given above indicates
its importance within the framework of the theoretical reflection. The different in defining equivalence seems to result in the impossibility of having a universal
approach to this notion.
C. Translating the literary work
In translating literary works, the translator may face the linguistic, literary, aesthetic and socio-cultural problems. The linguistic problems inelude the
collocation and obscured. The aesthetic and literary problem are related with poetic structure, metaphorical expressions and sound while the socio-cultural
problems arise when the translator translates expressions containing the four major cultural categories: ideas, ecology, behavior and products. Translating
14
Mona Baker, In Other Words: a Coursebook on Translation, London: Routledge, 1992, p. 11-12
literary work is, perhaps always more difficult translating other types of text because literary works have specific values, aesthetic and exspressive values.
The aesthetic function of the work shall emphasize the beauty of the words diction, figurative language, metaphors, etc while the expressive function
shall put forwards the writer‟s thought or the process of thought, emotion, etc. And the translator should try, at his best, to transfer these specific values
into the TL. Hillarie belloc laid down six general rules for the translator of prose texts:
1. The translator should not plod on‟, word by word or sentence by
sentence, but should „always, ” block out” hits work, ‟ block out „ , below means that the translator should consider the work as an integral
unit and translate in sections, asking himself „before each what the whole sense is he has to render‟.
2. The translator should render idiom by idiom „and idioms of their nature
demand translation into another form that of the original‟. 3.
The translator must render „intention by intention, „bearing in mind that the intention of a phrase in one language maybe less emphatic By
„intention‟. Belloc seems to be talking about the weight a given exspression may have in a particural context in the SL that would be
disproportionate if translated literally into the TL. 4.
Belloc warns against lex paux amis, those words or structures that may appearato correspond in both SL and TL but actually do not
e.g.domander-to ask translated wrongly as to demand.
5. The translator is advised to „transmute boldly‟ and belloc suggest that
the essence of translating is „the resurrection of an alien thing in a native body.
6. The translator should never embellish.
15
He does stress the need for the translator to consider the prose texts as a structured whole whilst bearing in mind the stylistic and syntactical exigencies
of the TL. He accepts that there is a moral responsibility to the original, but feels that the translator has the right to significantly alter the text in the
translation process in order to provide the TL stylistic and idiomatic norms.
15
Susan Bassnett. Translation Studies. London: Routledge. 1991, p. 116.
26
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
