CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter explains some previous studies about turn taking to support the theoretical review and shows conversational analysis theory for
analyzing the turn taking pattern in non-formal and formal classes at ma‟had
Walisongo.
2.1 Previous Studies
Based on the review of the literature, the researcher investigates some studies which have been written by some researchers and has relevance with this
research. The researcher considers some previous studies by Priyastuti 2013, Trahutami 2012, Hanafiah 2015, Nugroho 2014, Habibi 2015,
Abdelrahim 2006, and Abrar 2013. The research conducted by Priyastuti 2013 investigated the turn-
taking, adjacency pair, and topic changes between the teacher ‟s and the
students ‟ conversations in learning process at STIKES ST.Elisabeth
Semarang. The results indicate that the most frequently turn-taking found in those conversation are: first, lexical construction, the turn taking allocation
role by self-selection, and the strategy in turn taking uses filled pause, verbal filler, and silent pause. Second, many questions followed by answer occur in
adjacency pair. Third, topic change occurs after pause and silence. This research is one of the previous studies used because it has the similar turn
taking topic proposed by Sack, Schegloff, and Jeferson 1974 and applies in a
learning class. The difference between the previous study and this research is the research subject. The previous study investigated turn taking in a class,
while this research investigated turn taking in two different classes. The researches have been done by Trahutami 2012, Hanafiah 2015,
Nugroho 2014, Habibi 2015, and Abdelrahim 2006 investigated the turn taking analysis proposed by Sack, Schegloff, and Jeferson 1974 in non-
classroom conversation. The researcher uses these previous studies because it uses the same turn taking theory. The difference between the previous studies
and this research is the research subject. The previous studies investigated turn taking in non-classroom conversation, while this research investigated turn
taking in two different classes. The last previous study by Abrar 2013 described classroom
interaction and turn taking distribution in two different class. Abrar 2013 can show that the classroom interaction in the first class A less than in the
second class B. The turn taking distributions in the first class more balanced than in the second class. The first class is indicated as teacher centered while
in the second class, the teacher gives more opportunity for students to be active in classroom interaction.es. This research can support this research
because it has the similar research subject which investigates two different classes. The difference between the previous study and this research is the
theory used. The previous study used a theory proposed by Allwright, while this research used a theory proposed by Sack, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974.
