Therefore, everyone can select herhim self to be the next speaker. Sack et al, 1974: 703-704.
When the first and the second role do not run properly, the current speaker has a choice to continue their utterance until the other participant
ready to speak. This technique is applied when the speaker who has been selected does not take initiative of turn taking or when individual selection
rule does not run well, the speaker who is talking continues herhis utterance.
2.2.2.3 Turn Taking Strategies
There are turn taking strategies proposed by Strensom 1994: 68-80. Those strategies are taking the turn, holding the turn, and yielding the turn. The first
strategy, taking the turn strategy, consists of starting up, taking over, and interrupting techniques. The second strategy, holding the turn, consists of
filled pause, verbal filler, and silent pause techniques. The last strategy,
yielding the turn, consists of prompting, appealing, and giving up techniques. 2.2.2.3.1
Taking the Turn
Taking the turn is done by the listener who takes the turn from the current speaker when the current speaker is talking or finishing hisher talk.
This strategy consists of three techniques, namely starting up, taking over, and interrupting techniques. Starting up technique is a technique that gives a few
times for the listener to prepare or have prepared what is discussing next through clean start and hesitant start in the beginning of conversation. Taking
over technique appears when the current speaker has finished hisher utterance
and she can point hisher interlocutor to be the next speaker by up taking forces the other speaker. Interrupting technique occurs when the current
speaker does not give an opportunity for the other speaker to give response. This technique is considered an impolite act because the speaker does not
finish a talk, then the other speaker has taken hisher turn taking.
2.2.2.3.2 Holding the Turn
Holding the turn strategy occurs when the current speaker does not manage herhis utterance and plans what she will say at the same time. This
strategy can be divided into several techniques, namely filled pause, verbal filler, and silent pause techniques. Filled pause and verbal fillers techniques
are used to show that the speaker is trying to think about what she will say in the short time or prepares what she will say in the next but it will not over
hisher turn. Silencepause technique occurs in a few moments when the speaker is talking. It is signaled by short pause and long pause. Lexical
