CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter contains some sub chapters namely research method and design, research subject and setting, data source, data collection technique,
data analysis technique, and method of presenting result.
3.1 Research Method and Design
The design of this research was descriptive comparative. The descriptive design was used to describe the turn taking pattern in formal and non-formal
classes at ma‟had Walisongo. Meanwhile, the comparative design was used to
compare the turn taking pattern in the conversation of non-formal and formal classes at
ma‟had Walisongo. Descriptive comparative design can be defined as a research that compares two or more variables. Sukmadinata, 2008: 79.
This design was used by the researcher because she describes turn taking pattern and compares the turn taking pattern in both classes.
Besides descriptive comparative design, the researcher also used a qualitative approach. According to Creswell 1994:145 in qualitative
approach the researcher investigates the context including people, setting, site, or institution to observe or records all behavior in its natural setting. Kothari
2004:2 adds that qualitative approach is concerned with subjective assessment, arguments and behavior and generally used the deeper interviews.
This approach was used by the researcher in making interpretation of the turn taking data in both classes.
3.2 Data Source
Data can be defined as all information that should be looked for, collected, and selected for a research Soebroto, 1992:34. The data source of this research
was the conversation of the students and the teachers in formal and non-formal classes at
ma‟had Walisongo when they participated in a learning process.
3.3 Research Subject and Setting
The subjects of this research were the students and the teachers of non-formal and formal classes at
ma‟had Walisongo. The number of the students at ma‟had Walisongo is ranging from 300 female students. They are students of
UIN Walisongo who come from different major and semester. They are obliged to follow non-formal class at early morning and formal class at night.
In non-formal class, the students are divided into 15 small classes where every class consist of 20 students and guided by a tutor. The tutor is a
senior of the students who is selected from the board of ma‟had Walisongo
whose good English ability especially in speaking skill. Meanwhile, in formal class the students are divided into 10 classes where every class consists of 30
students and taught by a teacher. The teacher is a lecturer who taught in UIN Walisongo and has an English educational background.
From many classes in non-formal class and formal class, the researcher took 4 non-formal classes and 4 formal classes as the sample of the research.
The researcher used purposive sampling technique in selecting the sample of the research. According to Sugiyono 2010: 300 purposive sampling
technique is a sampling technique taken by certain consideration and certain
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