Objectives of the Study

learning class. The difference between the previous study and this research is the research subject. The previous study investigated turn taking in a class, while this research investigated turn taking in two different classes. The researches have been done by Trahutami 2012, Hanafiah 2015, Nugroho 2014, Habibi 2015, and Abdelrahim 2006 investigated the turn taking analysis proposed by Sack, Schegloff, and Jeferson 1974 in non- classroom conversation. The researcher uses these previous studies because it uses the same turn taking theory. The difference between the previous studies and this research is the research subject. The previous studies investigated turn taking in non-classroom conversation, while this research investigated turn taking in two different classes. The last previous study by Abrar 2013 described classroom interaction and turn taking distribution in two different class. Abrar 2013 can show that the classroom interaction in the first class A less than in the second class B. The turn taking distributions in the first class more balanced than in the second class. The first class is indicated as teacher centered while in the second class, the teacher gives more opportunity for students to be active in classroom interaction.es. This research can support this research because it has the similar research subject which investigates two different classes. The difference between the previous study and this research is the theory used. The previous study used a theory proposed by Allwright, while this research used a theory proposed by Sack, Schegloff, and Jefferson 1974.

2.2 Theoretical Framework

2.2.1 Conversation Analysis

Conversation analysis is early proposed by Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974. Harold Garfinkel in 1967 developed conversation analysis as an approach which is part of the ethnomethodological tradition. Liddicoat, 2007:2. Conversation analysis concerns on spoken text or conversation. According to Levinson 1983:285 conversation analysis can be defined as a device to investigate the conversation as a language basic form. It focuses on the natural conversation based on the speaker ‟s interpretation result. From the above explanation, conversation analysis focuses on natural conversation of the participants and tries to look how and when the participants talk. It means that conversation analysis is used to explain some turn taking features such as adjacency pair and topic change in the conversational interaction.

2.2.2 Turn Taking

In a learning process, whether it is in formal or non formal classes, a teacher and students interact in a conversation. In the conversation, the participants should respond actively to all signals given verbally or non-verbally. It means that a conversation involves the participants‟ role as the speaker or the receiver. This role may change interchangeably. The speaker may be the receiver or vice versa. It can be formulated as A-B-A-B-A-B. The role exchange as the speaker or the receiver is known as turn taking. Turn taking