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a. The Classification of ESP
There are two main types of ESP differentiated according to whether the learner requires English for academy study or for work Hutchinson Waters,
1986: 16-17. They are:
1 English for Academic Purposes
EAP course often has a study skills component. The examples of EAP are English for medical Studies, English for Economics.
2 English for Occupational Purposes
EOP is also known as EVP English for Vocational Purposes and VESL Vocational English as Second Language. The examples for EOP are English
for technicians, English for secretary, English for Tourist Guide and English for Teaching.
In this study English for staffs of Culture and Tourism Department in Sleman belongs to English for Occupational Purposes EOP. Since staffs of
Culture and Tourism Department in Sleman need English for their occupation.
b. The Criteria of ESP
According to Hutchinson and Waters 1987: 19 ESP must be seen as an approach not as a product. ESP is not a particular kind of language and
methodology, nor does it consist of particular type of teaching material. It is an approach to the language learning, which is based on learner’s needs. The
foundation of all ESP is the simple question: Why does this learner need to learn a foreign language? ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions
as to content and method are based on the learner’s reasons for learning.
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Robinson in his book ESP today: A Practitioner’s Guide 1991 discusses another side of the criteria of an ESP.
1 ESP is Normally Goal Directed
People learn English not because they are interested in English in general but they really need it for specific purposes, e. g: to work or to study. Based on
this fact the materials and activities for ESP course must be appropriate with the purpose of their works.
2 ESP Course is Based on Need Analysis
A need analysis should be obtained first before conducting the course. The purpose of a need analysis is to specify as closely as possible what exactly the
people have to do in learning English.
3 People Who Learn ESP are Usually Adult Rather Than Children
People who learn ESP normally have already experienced in learning general English. They need ESP to continue their basic learning in one specific
way related to their work.
4 People Who Learn ESP in Class Should be Identical
All the students who are involved in the same class must have the same kind of job or specialist. It is not usual for an ESP class to have people with
various studies or works.
c. Needs Analysis
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