14
Task syllabus consists of a set of task ordered according to cognitive difficulty. The performance of the task and attention in the class is consciously
directed to language if this is necessary for completion of task. From all the syllabuses discussed above, the writer finds that notional-
functional is the most suitable syllabus to be applied in the design program.
f. Syllabus in ESP
There are some reasons for having a syllabus in English for Specific Purposes. Hutchinson and Waters 1994: 83-83 outline eight reasons for having
syllabus in ESP. The eight reasons are as follows:
1 Managerial Management Reason
Language is a complex entity. To make it manageable and learnable, a syllabus provides a practical basis for the division of materials, assessment,
textbook, and learning time.
2 Reason of Moral Support
A syllabus makes language learning tasks appear manageable.
3 Cosmetic Role of Syllabus
A syllabus can become instrument to give evidence to convince and impress sponsors, students, or the ‘outsiders’. It can be said that a syllabus gives
good impressions.
4 Directive Reason
A syllabus serves as a statement of projected route of learning direction goal, aim, the process and objectives. The teacher has the guidelines to be
followed to run the program.
5 Rational: Material
15
Being an implicit statement of views on the nature of language and learning, a syllabus tells the teacher and students the materials needed to be learnt
and the reason why the students should learn the materials.
6 Set of Criteria for Materials Selection
A syllabus defines the kinds of texts to look for or produce the items to focus on in the exercises, etc. syllabus becomes the principle to select the
materials because ‘what’ to be learned during the program are stated there.
7 Uniformity Standardization
Syllabus is one way of informing or standardizing elements involved within an institution or educational system. Without any syllabus it will be difficult for
an institution or educational system to standardize the purpose, content, process and period of the program.
8 Basis for Test and Evaluation
A syllabus becomes the basis of deciding the criteria of evaluating the success andor the failure in reaching the state of knowledge of the target desired.
A syllabus can be a standard to measure the goal achievement of the program. Designing syllabus will be perfect if it is followed by designing the
material. Therefore, the following section will elaborate the materials design.
g. Material Design
