Conducting Needs Survey Stating Goals, Topics and General Purposes Selecting the Syllabus Type

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B. Theoretical Framework

Some steps are required to make a set of instructional material to teach speaking to the staffs of culture and tourism department in Sleman. In order to set an effective instructional material for the staffs, the writer uses four steps from Kemp’s model and three steps from Yalden’s model. The following are the steps of the writer’s model.

1. Conducting Needs Survey

The demand of English has often come from group of learners with no need for general English. They learn English for particular reasons which concern to their studies or job. Since this research concern to English for staffs of culture and tourism department in Sleman, the area of English will be restricted to the area relevant to their needs andor purposes. ESP course should be based on need analysis. It means that the aims of the course are first identified by the learners need analysis. It also involves the study of the opinion of one English Language Education Study Program lecturer, three instructors from several English courses, and one of staffs of Culture and Tourism Department in Sleman.

2. Stating Goals, Topics and General Purposes

This step is aimed to determine the intended goals of instructional materials design.. After stating the goals, the topic should be listed as the scope of the course and the basic needs of instruction. The staffs do not need to learn the whole English but only some restricted areas relevant to their needs andor purposes. In doing their job, the staffs deal with different situation, the topic in the instructional material should be based on the situation they deal with. 33 The topics should reflect the general purpose as what learners generally expect to learn. Therefore, goals, topics and general purpose are important aspects that play important roles in designing instructional materials.

3. Selecting the Syllabus Type

Selecting the syllabus type is the next step after stating goals, topics and general purposes. A syllabus is very crucial for teachers because syllabus is a plan of work as well as a guideline and content for class content. One of the reasons for having a syllabus in ESP program as stated by Hutchinson and Waters 1994: 83- 84 is managerial management reason. To make the program manageable and learnable, a syllabus provides a practical basis for the division of materials, assessment, textbooks and learning time. Since the basis of this instructional material is speaking and the content of language teaching is a collection of language function needed by the staffs in situations during the tourism activities in Culture and Tourism Department and in Tourism exhibition, the appropriate syllabus type is a combination of functional and situational. The learners are expected to utilize the language as a range of purposeful functions.

4. Listing the Subject Contents