24 divided into two, namely primary source and secondary sources. The primary
source was a novel entitled Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami. Meanwhile, the secondary sources of this study were books, journals, and online references
that contained the related theories about character, characterization, and human needs and reviews of loneliness. The data collected from the secondary sources
were used to support the analysis. This study was conducted by following several steps. The first step was
reading the novel thoroughly for several times for the sake of gaining a better comprehension of the character and the story as well. In this step, a number of
quotations from the novel were marked to collect the data. The second step was collecting theories and reviews related to the study in order to support the analysis
part. In the next step, the related theories and reviews were applied to analyze the problem formulation. The character and characterization theories were applied to
discover how Toru Watanabe is described in the story. Meanwhile, theory of human needs and review of loneliness were implemented to identify the causes of
loneliness. After discovering the causes of loneliness, the conclusions were drawn. In order to verify the result of the study, a verification process was taken
after the analysis was finished and the conclusions were drawn. An expert in the field of psychology was requested to comment on the result of the study which
concerned with the psychology of human being, i.e. Toru Watanabe. Lastly, the last part was revising the study to get the final version of the study.
25
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
This chapter aims to answer the formulated problems which have been stated in Chapter I. It is divided into two parts. The first part describes Toru
Watanabe as the major character in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood. Meanwhile, the second part analyzes the causes of loneliness as experienced by
Toru Watanabe.
A. The Description of Toru Watanabe
This section deals with the characteristic of Toru Watanabe as a major character in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood. According to Henkle 1977,
major character has fullness of details and becomes the focus of the story p. 88. Toru is the major character of the story since he dominates the story and he
appears from the beginning until the end of the story. He also deserves the fullest attention because he has a crucial role in shaping and making up the story. The
story itself tells about how Toru experiences loneliness during his college days. The story begins when Toru, the narrator of the story, recalls the events
that happened to him when he was a college student in the 1960s. He is haunted by the suicide of his best friend named Kizuki and the sad feeling stays in his
heart for a long time. During the story, Toru struggles to escape from his past memories, tries to find himself, and survive from various problems. He begins to
adapt to campus life and loneliness he faces there. Norwegian Wood tells about
26 Toru’s journeys as he is unsure of what he wants to do with his life, but towards
the ends he knows how to deal with the situation and comes out to be stronger. Thus, those evidences lead the writer to a conclusion that Toru is the major
character of the story. Toru is also considered as a round character in the story because he
changes at the end of the story. It is supported by Foster 1972 who states that a round character is presented with several traits and it changes at the end of the
story. In Norwegian Wood, Toru is described as a loner person who loves being alone. Although he is a loner, he makes some friends yet his friendship is limited
to some persons only. Moreover, Toru is also unable to open up his heart and speak honestly about his feeling since Kizuki’s death. Therefore, Toru finds it
difficult to get closer with others. Mihalo 2009 also states in his study that Toru shows a failure to communicate with others because of his loneliness. However, in
the end of the story, Toru who gets involved with Midori finally conveys his feeling towards Midori. Mihalo 2009 says that if being lonely means caring
about oneself, then a sign of overcoming loneliness is conveying feeling towards others
. Toru who is unable to speak honestly about his feeling since Kizuki’s death finally portrays any internal feeling besides loneliness. Thus, it can be
concluded that Toru is a round character because he changes his personality as a person who is unable to open up his heart by conveying his feeling for others.
In order to analyze the characteristics of Toru Watanabe, the writer uses theory of characterization proposed by Murphy. According to Murphy 1972,
there are nine ways to find out the description of a certain character in the novel.
