59 Toru’s failure to fulfill the love and belongingness needs, the esteem
needs, and the self-actualization needs influence the way he interacts with other people and sees his life. His unsatisfied needs also give him the tendencies to
experience loneliness. Toru does not have a lot of friends and he considers himself as someone who is unworthy of his friends’ attention. Moreover, Toru is not
confidence with himself and it makes him unable to make friends easily. In addition, Toru is unsure of what he wants to do with his life and unable to develop
his capabilities as well because he does not have any ambition to be successful.
60
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter consists of three parts, namely conclusions, implications, and suggestions. The first part presents the conclusions of this study based on the
discussion of the problem formulation in chapter four. The second part presents implications of this study for education. Afterwards, the last part proposes
suggestions for the further researchers to the content of Haruki Murakami’s
Norwegian Wood and for English teachers.
A. Conclusions
This study presents an analysis on the causes of loneliness as experienced by Toru Watanabe, the major character of Norwegian Wood. There are two
research questions used in this study to help the writer to discover the causes of loneliness, namely
“How is Toru Watanabe’s character described in the novel?” and
“What are the causes of loneliness as experienced by Toru Watanabe?“. After analyzing the problems formulations, there are two conclusions to be drawn in
this chapter. The first conclusion is the character and characterization of Toru Watanabe and the second conclusion is the causes of loneliness as experienced by
Toru Watanabe. Based on the previous chapter, Toru Watanabe is portrayed as a loner
since he prefers to be alone and spend most of his time by himself. He is the one and only child in his family and he does not have a lot of friends since senior high
61 school. After his best friend’s suicide, Toru is unable to open up his heart and he
decides to distance himself from others as well. Toru is also portrayed as an ordinary guy that is shown from his appearance and reaction when the student
strike happens. Besides, Toru is a caring person who cares about his friends namely Naoko, Storm
Trooper, Hatsumi, Midori and even Midori’s father. However, Toru is also considered as a self-doubted person. Toru always thinks
that he does not deserve of what he has and he feels not confident of himself as well. It leads him into pessimism and it makes him do not have specific goals for
his future life. The second analysis is about the causes of loneliness as experienced by
Toru Watanabe. The first cause is Toru lacks of companionship. Toru’s lack of
companionship is caused by his decision to distance himself from others and his difficulties to open up his heart after his best friend’s death. As a result, it leads
him into the sense of loneliness since his friendship is limited to some people. Moreover, when his friends are gone, Toru does not have anyone else as his
companion. The second cause of Toru’s loneliness is that Toru is unable to attain his
desired relationship with Naoko. Toru falls in love with Naoko and he wants to be in a relationship with her. Unfortunately, Naoko is unable to love him back and
she finds it is impossible to love anyone else besides Kizuki. In conclussion, his loneliness is a feeling which appears whenever a person is unable to attain his
desired relationship.
