Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher elaborates about the steps or procedures used to obtain data needed to accomplish this research. This chapter consists of 6 parts. In each part, the researcher explains every step and the details briefly to give the complete information so that the readers can understand how this research was done. This chapter would include research method, research setting, research participants subjects, instrument and data gathering technique, data analysis technique, and the research procedure.

A. Research Method

This research was an educational research and development type of research. According to Borg, Gall, Borg 2007, “Research and development is an industry- based development model in which the findings of research are used to design new products and procedures, which then are systematically field-tested, evaluated, and refined…” p.589. This meant that educational research and development type of research was a process used to develop and validate educational product. The major purpose of this study was not to formulate or test theories but to develop effective products used in schools. This research was an educational research and developments type because the focus of this study was to design the appropriate materials for the English 20 extracurricular of Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta Elementary School grade five semester one. It was proven by the formulated problem of this research as what the researcher had mentioned before about what the appropriate materials for English extracurricular of Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta Elementary School grade 5 looked like. These instructional design steps were adapted from the some instructional design theories. The first theory of instructional design which was used by the researcher was the theory from Yalden. He offered some stages to follow in designing an Instructional design product p. 89. The stages he offered were needs survey, description of purpose, selection development of syllabus type, production of a proto syllabus, production of pedagogical syllabus, development of the classroom procedure, and evaluation. From the seven steps offered by Yalden, the researcher only took five steps to be followed in designing the materials. It was because the limitation of time. If the researcher took all the steps offered by Yalden, the researcher should have implemented the design into the real classroom activity. Then the researcher also had to evaluate the whole component such as the students, the program, and the teaching activities. It would take a very long time to do and it would be called a project, not a research. Therefore, the researcher adapted only five steps and they would be explained clearly. 21 Figure 3. 1. Yalden Steps of Instructional Design and the Researcher Steps of Instructional Design The previous figure was about the adapting process of the Yalden steps of instructional design by the researcher. The five steps chosen by the researcher would be explained clearly as followed. 1. Needs Survey Needs survey was the first step to be done by the researcher. In this step, the researcher gathered data about the students’ characteristics, students’ interest, Yalden steps of Instructional Design The Researcher Steps of Instructional Design 1. Needs Survey 3. Production of a proto syllabus 5. Evaluation of the students, the program, and the teaching 4. Production of a pedagogical syllabus 4. Evaluating the design 3. Developing the design materials 5. Designed material presentation 2. Determining the goals, objectives, and topics of the language program. 1. Analyzing the students and the extracurricular situation 2. Description of Purpose 22 students’ strengths and weaknesses. From such information, the researcher could determine the appropriate materials and activities for the students. 2. Description of Purpose The description of purpose here was included in the first step of the researcher step because the researcher conducted the needs analysis at the same time with the determination of the purpose. The needs survey and the determination of the purpose of the language program were done in three ways. They were class observation, questionnaire for the students, and the teacher and tutor interviews. 3. Production of a Proto-syllabus In this stage the researcher determined the goals, objectives, and the topics of the language program. The data were obtained from the English teacher of Pangudi Luhur elementary school. The topics also determined based on the Competence Standard and the Basic Competence employed by the school. 4. Production of a Pedagogical Syllabus After knowing the goals, objectives, and the topics of the designed materials, the researcher developed the materials as far as possible. The materials were chosen based on the characteristics of the students and the purpose of the language program. 5. Evaluation. In Yalden steps of Instructional Design, the evaluation steps included the evaluation of every element, namely the students, the program, and the teaching. However, in the researcher ’s steps of Instructional design, the evaluation step only 23 covered the evaluation of the designed materials. The researcher was helped by some experts in doing the design evaluation. In this designing process, the researcher conducted more than one survey, as what had been stated by Fraenkle and Wallen 2008, that surveys were used as the tools to obtain data from qualified respondents employed to support the designed materials development. Those surveys would be explained as follows. 1. Needs survey The needs survey, as what had been stated before, was used as a means to obtain data about the students personal data and the English extracurricular preview. In this research, the fifth graders helped the researcher to obtain the data by filling the questionnaire about their personal data and their opinions about the English extracurricular. The English teacher and tutor also helped the researcher by answering the questionnaire’s questions about their opinions and suggestions toward the English extracurricular. 2. Designed materials survey The designed materials survey belonged to the four steps of the researcher steps of instructional design. The designed materials survey was conducted by the researcher after the materials had been made. This survey was used to check whether this design still needed some revision or not. The researcher was helped by one Sanata Dharma lecturer, one English teacher of Pangudi Luhur elementary school and one of the English teachers of SMP 1 Kalasan. 24

B. Research Setting