CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION OF POLICY

interested. This is admired by some head of region that got reword from KKPOD. Nevertheless, by factual, the competitiveness are better, give more chance investment than area is low competitiveness. Nevertheless, concept and implementation of competitiveness, is not the same between public organization and private organization. According to Paul Krugman 1994, Jargon increasing of competitiveness of country are different with company competitiveness. Why? There are two reasons. First in reality, the competi tion isn’t country, but company and industry. Most of people analogy the country competitiveness. Impossible all of companies and Indonesian industry have competitiveness both domestic market and international. Secondly, to give definition of country competitiveness more complicated than company competitiveness. If one company cannot pay the salary workers, to pay material from producer are divided, so company will be bankrupt and stop. Company can de bankrupt, but country doesn’t have bottom line or always get competition Mudrajat Kuncoro, 2009. Government of region, especially in one year, consistent of doing rule and policy region, so give assurance to afford world from consistent rule aspect, some of the region such as south Sulawesi, middle Kalimantan, east Kalimantan, DKI Jakarta, Jambi, middle Sulawesi, southern Sulawesi, central java, south Sumatra and Bali have more competitiveness. From aspect of time which is needed about bureaucracy, more competitiveness, namely middle Kalimantan, east Kalimantan, Maluku, southern Sulawesi, central java, riau and bali. By phenomena of region autonomy, after reformation 1998, where of region autonomy are successes to interest many investors in its region, so region bureaucracy get demanded to change paradigm from local orientation to global orientation, from pragmatism orientation to global orientation, from pragmatism orientation to be continued orientation. Therefore region government can improve his area become a good place for growing of investment and industry, by stressing on policies based on special and local potential, as well as make relationship with around of region. Region bureaucracy policy give easilyness for company. And it is not dominant of region income orientation.

IV. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION OF POLICY

Based on the fact shown above it can be conclude that region bureaucracyregion government has a great opportunity to improve the competitiveness of their own region, which will be influence positively for the investment of their own region. Some regions which do de bureaucratization and paradigm alternation that appropriate with the requirement of competitiveness investment, would bring his region being a main object of investment, such like some of the region government above. The region government should optimize his region as a place for the growth and improvement industry. Not using his greater authority to run the region bureaucracy as his own powerful which cause any rules matter that only related to the minded region, business opportunity and investment in his region become high cost economy. Region competitiveness must be specific based on its potential through showing up and increase the core competence, in order to show up the centers of economy improvement. Government goals are improvement and acceleration service that is win-win solution between state, private and non-governmental organization. The rise and fall of a region in autonomy era nowadays, performance and bureaucracy culture have a great role. Therefore, the recruitment system must be corrected, the consistence of bureaucracy, development based on the “merit system”, paradigm, and bureaucracy should adopt the external environment. In running the regulation system, in order to create a conducive atmosphere for the instatement in region, the regulation should characterize facilitative, accommodative, sustainable, and consistence. References Abdullah, Piter, dkk. 2002. Daya Saing Daerah Konsep dan Pengukurannya di Indonesia. Yokyakarta : BPFE – Yogyakarta. Bennett Robert J. edited, l994. Local Government and Market Decentalization, United Nations University Press, Tokyo. Binder, Brian T., l982. Financial Management in Local Government of Indonesia, Birmingham, DAG. Beetham, David, l987. Bureaucracy, University of Minneapolis Press, Minneapolis. Branson, Douglas M, l993. Corporate Governance, The Michie Company, Virginia. Etzioni – Halevy, Eva, l985. Bureaucracy and Democracy: a political dilemma, Routledge Kegan Paul, London. Grindle, merilee S. editor, 1997. Getting Good Government, Harvard Institute. Khairandy, Ridwan, dkk, 2007. Good Corporate Governance, Kreasi Total Media, Yogyakarta. Kuncoro, Mudrajad, 2009. Obsesi Daya Saing dan Tahun Investasi. Mas’oed, Mohtar. 2008. Politik, Birokrasi dan Pembangunan. Yokyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar Mataja, Sjachrani. 2004. Strategi Memperbesar Investasi di Daerah. Jakarta : PT. Kresna Prima Persada. Porter, Michael E., l990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, The Free Press. Prasodjo, Eko, dkk. 2006. Reformasi Birokrasi. The Habibie Center, Jakarta. Safi’i. 2008. Paradigma Kebijakan Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah. Malang : Averroes Press DECENTRALIZATION AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CASE SANDALWOOD MANAGEMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH CENTRAL TIMOR EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE Nursalam Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Nusa Cendana Kupang, nursalamjeppuyahoo.com ABSTRACT Although the implementation of the decentralization policy in Indonesia has lasted more than 10 years but the results have not been encouraging, especially relating to the management of natural resources. Natural resources in the region are increasingly experiencing decline in both quality and quantity. One of the natural resources to be the pride and became an icon in South Central Timor regency of East Nusa Tenggara province is sandalwood Santalum album L, population decline, even in fear extinction. The local government fails to implement conservation sandalwood. This paper aims to give an overview of how the implementation of management policies sandalwood. The result of investigation shows that the implementation has significantly proven to have influences on the effectiveness of the conservation, and may scientifically be accepted. In the implementation; organisation, interpretation, and application dimensions has significantly positive influence on this plant conservation, however, the interpretation of the three has the highest influence on the effectiveness of conservation, while the application dimension has the lowest influence on this effectiveness. It is stated that the application dimension shows one condition that has not been optimal in implementation; therefore, it is to be a challenge in improving the effectiveness of this plant in the future. The result also shows that there are other findings contributing to policy implementation theory that is society participation and values both of apparatus and society as the key to successful conservation of sandalwood in Timor Tengah Selatan district of Nusa Tenggara Timur province. Keyword: decentralization, Implementation, conservation I. INTRODUCTION Sandalwood Santalum album L is an important crop in East Nusa Tenggara Province ENT, especially in South Central Timor regency SCT, plants are given priority in forestry development because the economic value of biodiversity and discretion. Sandalwood is the category of natural resources, given that the is part of the forest resources. Sandalwood plants had also been a contributor to revenue PAD to PAD South Central Timor regency reaches 9.48 of the total revenue Revenue Service SCT, 2006. Utilization continue to cause population sandalwood shrinking quickly, because there is no balance between the speed reduction sandalwood forest area by the number of trees planted back plus natural reproduction rate of the stand. To local communities in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Sandalwood can not be separated from historical factors because their fathers treat these plants as part of everyday life. Local wisdom has Sustainment this plant in the long run. However, since coming into contact with the outside world, it has also been a social change in the community so that sandalwood eroded resulting in destruction deforestation sandalwood. Chronologically damage begins era of colonial rule in collaboration with the government of kings, and were connected by a national government Indonesia since the time of independence until a new order of government. Along with decentralization by Law No.222001 which is then updated by Law No.322004, has implications for the delivery of various authorities of the District to conduct the affairs of governance and development, the management activities of sandalwood then submitted to the government districts of each region producing sandalwood. Government of South Central Timor issued a policy to regulate all matters relating to the management of sandalwood in South Central Timor regency, the regulation of South Central Timor District No. 25 of 2001 on sandalwood. Actually, with the imposition of regulations expected to experience population recovery sandalwood, but in fact even the population decreases as shown in table 1. Table 1.Populasi sandalwood tree at the South Central Timor Year old tree sapling Total 2004 71.652 260.550 332.202 2005 41.427 209.513 250.940 2006 21.052 91.658 112.710 2007 15.745 60.975 76.720 2008 14.253 56.367 70.620 Source: Forest Service SCT, 2008 Based on Table 1 shows that the implementation of conservation policies Sandalwood failure. The areas in South Central Timor district that was once a base of sandalwood plants is difficult today sandalwood tree found, also in the region arising pockets of poverty. Poverty then placed increased pressure on deforestation sandalwood. Poverty cause degradation of sandalwood, it is because of the failure of government institutions to manage sandalwood. Research Objectives The study aims to determine the amount of influence the implementation of policies on the effectiveness of conservation sandalwood sandalwood tree at the South Central Timor regency . Theoretical Framework Implementation of a policy is one important step in the process of policy analysis, because at this stage will determine whether the policy has made it capable of solving the problem the issue public. Stages of policy implementation is located between the formulation and evaluation of policies. Public policy set by the government and gain political legitimacy of the executive allows bureaucrats to act. This implies that a public policy is only a political document if it is not followed by concrete action. Public policy can only be effective if the policy has been implemented. To analyze how the effect of implementation of the policy on the effectiveness of conservation sandalwood sandalwood in South Central Timor of the province of East Nusa Tenggara, there are some models that can be used, namely 1 George C. Edwards III model 1980; 2 Charles O.Jones model 1984; 3 Merilee S. Grindle model 1980; 4 Mazmanian and Paul A. Sabatier model 1983 Based on the research paper on some models, further to analyze the effect of policy implementation on the effectiveness of conservation sandalwood tree at the South Central Timor of the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Jones model 1984 was used, given that the dimensions of the theory implementation Jones 1984 more relevant to the phenomena encountered in the field, which is a lot about the problems the organization, interpretation, and application. According to Jones 1984, to operate the programs, there are 3 activities that need to be done, namely The organization, interpretation, and application. While the effectiveness of sandalwood pelestrarian includes three dimensions, namely: 1 law enforcement, 2 Preservation Campaign, and 3 Prosperity Approach Gunawan: 2002 Research hypothesis Implementation of policies affect the effectiveness of conservation sandalwood sandalwood in South Central Timor regency Methodology a. Research design This study uses explanatory survey, according to the research objectives that will explain the relationship between variables, the effect of the implementation of the policy on the effectiveness of the sandalwood tree conservation. Research referring to the explanatory design, using two approaches, namely a quantitative approach and qualitative approach Creswell, 1994 : 173. b. Classification of Variables The variables in this study were classified to a single independent variable and the dependent variable. 1. The independent variable in this study is the implementation of policy on sandalwood X, which consists of dimensions, namely: 1 organization, 2 Interpretation, 3 application. 2. The dependent variable in this study is the effectiveness of the sandalwood tree conservation Y, which consists of dimensions, namely: 1 Law Enforcement, 2 Conservation Campaign, 3 Prosperity approach. c. Population Research Based on the unit of analysis of this research that organizers sandalwood tree conservation, so that the population is all those involved in organizing conservation of sandalwood tree that includes: SCT Forest Service officials, officials throughout SCT District Office, Office of the Chief of the village officials throughout the district SCT, the forest stakeholder institutions. In SCT there are 21 sub-district of the sub-district there are 5 which is the location of the sub-district conservation sandalwood, namely: sub-district Amanuban Barat, Amanuban Tengah, Batu Putih, Mollo Selatan, and Mollo Utara, a population of as many as 794. d. Sample Research Determination of the sample is based on the following stages: sampling technique based on stratified sampling this technique is used because the population has members elements not homogeneous and stratified. Samples were drawn based on stratified sampling within the study population. To get the minimum sample size n in the population, use the formula Slovin Bungin, 2005:105, namely: n = 2 1 Ne N  n = minimum sample size to be taken N = Size of Population e = Percentage precision clearances are used as sampling error can be tolerated Error rate used was 7.5 The formula of the sample size can be determined as follows: n = 145 5 , 7 794 1 794 2   , So the sample number is 145 e. Data analysis Quantitative data analysis was done in two ways: 1 descriptive analysis using frequency tables to describe the characteristics of the research variables, 2 analysis using inferential statistics were performed to determine the relationship of influence, in order to test hypotheses to answer the research problem. To detect the influence of the variables used path analysis. II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION II.1. Sandalwood Management Policy in the Decentralization