CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of Study
The English language is the prominent international language which has significant role in the various fields in Indonesia, for instance, in
education, economy, science, politic, technology, etc. Because of its significant effect, English becomes a compulsory subject needs to be learnt by
the students in every level of formal education started from elementary school, even it is introduced informally to the earlier level play group or
kindergarten, up to the university level. Moreover, there are big amount of informal institutions that provide an extra class for those who want to learn
more English. This indicates that English is very important to be studied in order, for example, to have well communication in English whether spoken or
written and to get more update knowledge which particularly they are almost in English.
Mastering English means mastering its skills; they are Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing. To support mastering the four language skills
the learners obviously should have well understanding of English sub-skills, they are vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar as a core of having
structured English in communication and comprehension. As Penny Ur states that “There is no doubt that a knowledge – implicit or explicit – of
grammatical rules is essential for the mastery of a language”.
1
Every sub-skill has particular function and, here, grammar works in arranging and formulating a structure. Grammar is a set of rules that defines
how words of parts of words are combined or changed to form acceptable
1
Penny Ur, Grammar Practice Activities; a Practical Guide for Teachers, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 4.
units of meaning within a language.
2
Grammar has wide scope and one of its units discusses about passive voice.
Passive voice is generally introduced firstly in Junior High School. It aims for the students to have various kinds of sentence while, for instance,
they are learning an active voice. Passive voice is quite difficult to be understood because of its rule and formula which are dissimilar with active
voice. Therefore, it needs special attention when the students study this material.
To be successful in giving the material to the students, it requires an appropriate way or it is called by method. A method, on the other hand, is a
set of procedures, i.e., a system that spells out rather precisely how to teach language.
3
Having good method is not only oriented to achieve the students’ recognition toward their teacher’s explanation, but also is aimed to create the
understanding for them, thus, they may be able at least to use the material given in arranging a simple sentence whether it is spoken or written. William
F. Mackey notes that “The method used has often been said to be the cause of success or failure in language; for it is ultimately the method that determines
the what and the how of language interaction”.
4
There are various methods provide different teaching manners in order to fulfill the underlying necessities. One of method that synchronizes with the
current curriculum in Indonesia is Communicative Language Teaching or Communicative Approach. The formal education institutions in Indonesia that
employ the Communicative Approach perhaps have the reason, it is that the students are expected to be more active and creative particularly in studying
English. As Freeman mentions about the motive of using the Communicative Approach that “… students will be more motivated to study a foreign
2
Penny Ur, a Course in Language Teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 87.
3
Marianne Celce-Murcia, Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Boston: Heinle Heinle Publishers, 1991, second edition, p. 5.
4
William F. Mackey, Language Teaching Analysis, London: Longman, 1966, p. 138.
language since they will feel they are learning to do something useful with the language they study”.
5
Based on the previous ideas, the writer tries to implement the Communicative Approach in teaching the passive voice of present progressive
tense especially to the second year students of “SMK Islamiyah Ciputat – Tangerang”. Passive voice is chosen in order it seems difficult to be mastered
for its complexity of guideline and formula. A chosen tense for passive voice here is present progressive tense. It aims the research study will not too broad
and present progressive tense expresses events or actions in progress. Therefore, the students will easily find the examples from their nearest
environment. The recent method which is being used in every single teaching there, it is applied Audio Lingual Method, will be compared for both
significance and effectiveness.
B. The Limitation and the Formulation of Problem
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