So, there are four processes of writing according to Langan. First, prewriting is a process that can help someone think about and create some materials of his
writing. Next is writing the first draft. The first draft means the rough draft which consists of some main ideas and detail information without considering the language
features. Then, revising is checking the writing again in order to make correction. The final process is editing which the writer must correct their writing.
B. The Concept of Recount Text
There are some genres that should be studied by senior high school students; one of them is recount text. According to Nafisah and Kurniawan as cited in
Nurohmah‟s article, recount text is a text that retells the sequence of events or experiences which someone has ever got in the past.
9
Anderson and Anderson stated that recount
is “a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened”.
10
It means that the writers or the speakers have to tell again to the readers or listeners about their activity in the past chronologically.
Even though recount text had been studied since junior high school, sometimes the students had problems in writing it. It is because in writing recount
text, the students should know the purpose of the text, and be aware in using the schematic structures and applying language features.
1. The Purpose of Recount Text
The purpose of recount text is to reconstruct past experiences by retelling events in original sequence.
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It can be said that the writer will tell his or her past activity in some paragraphs in chronological order.
9
Iin Nurohmah, “An Analysis of Students‟ Recount Text by Using Systemic Functional
Grammar”, Passage 1, No. 2 2013: 90.
10
Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English Type 1, Australia: Macmillan, 2003, p. 48
11
Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 20.
Furthermore, it is to provide the audience with a description of what occurred and when it occurred.
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It shows that the purpose of recount text is to give the explanation about the process and time of events that happened.
2. The Schematic Structure of Recount Text
The schematic of recount text consists of three parts, namely orientation, event, and reorientation. The further explanation is as follows:
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a. Orientation, a first paragraph that gives background information about who, what,
where, and when. b.
Event is a series of paragraph that retell the events in the order in which they happened.
c. Reorientation is a concluding paragraph of all the events that had been told. not
always necessary Hence, the schematic structure of recount text has three sections which the
first paragraph, called orientation, tells the characters who involved in story; what happened in general, the place where the events happened, and the time of the events.
Next, event tells what happened in sequence. The last is re-orientation as an ending paragraph.
3. The Language Features of Recount Text
According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson the language features of recount text are:
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a. Proper noun to identify those involved in the text.
b. Descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, and where.
c. The use of the past tense to retell the events.
d. Words that show the order of events for example: first, next, then, etc.
12
Anderson and Anderson, loc. cit.
13
Ibid., p. 50.
14
Ibid.
