Definition of Writing The Concept of Writing

a. Prewriting Prewriting is anything that someone does before he writes a draft of his document. It includes thinking, taking notes, talking to others, brainstorming, outlining, and gathering information e.g., interviewing people, researching in the library, assessing data. b. Writing the first draft In this part, students put their ideas on paper. A draft is where students begin to record their ideas and add information of their research and experience. At this time, they write without major attention to punctuation, grammar, or neatness. Some teachers may refer to this as a rough draft. The purpose of the rough draft is for the student to focus on hisher ideas and get them on paper without the distraction or fear of making mistakes in grammar, capitalization, punctuation, or paragraph structure. 6 c. Revising Revising is as much a stage in the writing process as prewriting, outlining, and doing the first draft. Revising means that you rewrite a paragraph or paper, building upon what has already been done in order to make it stronger. 7 On the other words, revision is the gaps, clumsy wording, lack of clarity, inadequate detail, and other problems can be transformed into a solid essay through the process of reworking. 8 Revising can be said as checking or seeing again our own writing or someone else‟s writing whether there are some mistakes in the structure, spelling, capitalization, words choice, organization of idea, content, etc. d. Editing Editing is the next step after people revised his paper. When editing, someone have to correct the errors that heher has made in hisher writing. When someone believe that he has said what he want to say the way he want to say it, he is ready to edit their paper to be a better writing than before. 6 George Braine and Claire May, Writing from Sources: A Guide for ESL Students, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1996, p. 29. 7 Langan, op. cit., p. 33. 8 Barbara Fine Clause, The Student Writer-6 th Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004, p. 94. So, there are four processes of writing according to Langan. First, prewriting is a process that can help someone think about and create some materials of his writing. Next is writing the first draft. The first draft means the rough draft which consists of some main ideas and detail information without considering the language features. Then, revising is checking the writing again in order to make correction. The final process is editing which the writer must correct their writing.

B. The Concept of Recount Text

There are some genres that should be studied by senior high school students; one of them is recount text. According to Nafisah and Kurniawan as cited in Nurohmah‟s article, recount text is a text that retells the sequence of events or experiences which someone has ever got in the past. 9 Anderson and Anderson stated that recount is “a piece of text that retells past events, usually in the order in which they happened”. 10 It means that the writers or the speakers have to tell again to the readers or listeners about their activity in the past chronologically. Even though recount text had been studied since junior high school, sometimes the students had problems in writing it. It is because in writing recount text, the students should know the purpose of the text, and be aware in using the schematic structures and applying language features.

1. The Purpose of Recount Text

The purpose of recount text is to reconstruct past experiences by retelling events in original sequence. 11 It can be said that the writer will tell his or her past activity in some paragraphs in chronological order. 9 Iin Nurohmah, “An Analysis of Students‟ Recount Text by Using Systemic Functional Grammar”, Passage 1, No. 2 2013: 90. 10 Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English Type 1, Australia: Macmillan, 2003, p. 48 11 Ken Hyland, Second Language Writing, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 20.

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