32
D. Research Instruments Data Gathering Techniques
In order to acquire the data to answer the two research questions, the researcher used two instruments namely human instrument and documents.
1. Human Instrument
An instrument is a tool or a device which is used to obtain the data. In this research, the researcher was the instrument of the research which was called as
human instrument. The research could not be conducted without human instrument because it was the key instrument of the research. According to
Poggenpoel and Myburgh 2003, the key in obtaining the data in a qualitative research is the researcher. Moreover, the researcher becomes the facilitator of the
research. He or she facilitates the communication in order to gather rich data. In this research, the researcher did not only obtain the data, but also analyzed the
data. Moreover, in this study, the research was continually driven from the planning stage, collecting data, analyzing and interpreting data, until reporting as
well as concluding the research. Moleong also states that the researcher is directly and personally involved in the research which is conducted 2004, p. 56.
Therefore, in this research, the researcher was the main instrument as human instrument was very important and the researcher, as human instrument,
was the data collector to answer the research question. In addition, data sheet was also employed as the secondary instrument. This data sheet was functioned to
write down the classified data. The data sheet was in the form of table for presenting two matters which became the focus of the study, which were, the
33 types of swearing and the reasons for swearing. The format of the data sheet can
be illustrated in the table below.
Table 3.1. Format of the Data Sheet of the Types of Swearing and Motives for Swearing in the Antologi Rasa Novel
No Page Data
Types Motives
Dialogue SW
E S
A B
S H
S A
U S
P M
S M
L M
1 30
Dinda
: “God, darl, if I were you,
I would have been fucked him
already.”
Keara :
“I‟m done
fucking men, darl.
I want to marry this one.”
Fucking √
√
Abbreviation: SW
: Swear Word AUS : Auxiliary Swearing
ES : Expletives Swearing
PM : Psychological Motive
ABS : Abusive Swearing SM
: Social Motive HS
: Humorous Swearing LM
: Linguistic Motive
2. Documents
The first instrument used by the researcher was document. In this research, the document was a novel written by Ika Natassa entitled Antologi Rasa. The
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