27 situations. According to Andersson as cited in Karjalainen, 2002, p. 30, people
are free to employ any words in vocabulary as long as they are capable to convey the messages people want to communicate. For instance, both
sentences of “What a very nice
rocking chair” and “What a fucking nice rocking chair” are acceptable. People have various ways of speaking in expressing themselves using different
lexicons, grammatical structures, and the like. Therefore, linguistic motives of swearing are not directed to others. They
seem to appear as pure motives on linguistic subjects or to give emphasize on what people try to communicate. Indeed, linguistic motives can also show
so meone‟s way of speaking in daily life. This concept was applied as the main
theory in answering the second research question related to the reasons or motives for swearing.
Furthermore, another reference was also obtained from the previous study which was conducted by one of ELESP students. However, the previous research
focused on the meanings and the offensiveness of swearing. While this research has different focus which is related to the types and the motives of swearing.
B. Theoretical Framework
This section summarizes and synthesizes all major relevant theories that help the researcher in conducting the research and answering the research
questions. Moreover, in analyzing the data and answering the research questions, the researcher used some related theories as the groundwork. The main theories
used in this study are mostly related to taboo, taboo words, and swear words. The
28 researcher aims to investigate two important points of the objectives. The types of
swear words and why the character in the Antologi Rasa novel. In answering the first research question, the researcher used Andersson and
Trudgill in Lindahl, 2008, p. 4 theory that categorizes swear words into four types, which are:
1.
Expletive swearing is swearing that is not directed to others, usually used to
express personal feeling or emotion, e.g. shit 2.
Abusive swearing is swearing that is directed towards others and offensive,
including bad name calling and cursing, e.g. You asshole 3.
Humorous swearing is swearing that is directed towards others but is
delivered in a playful way, not serious tone and offensive, e.g. Get your ass in gear
4.
Auxiliary swearing is swearing that is complementary, not addressed
towards others, and usually used as a way of speaking, e.g. It is fucking awesome
In describing why the main character of the Antologi Rasa novel swears, the researcher used
Andersson‟s theory that categorizes reasons of swearing into
three parts. Those reasons are psychological motives, social motives and linguistic motives.
1.
Psychological motives: in swearing, usually psychological motives deal with
the expression of the speaker‟s emotion, like anger, surprise, joy, sorrow, etc. For the example, someone may swear like shit when hisher knee accidentally
kicks the table.
